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Measurement and numerical simulation of shock standoff distances over hypersonic spheres in CO2 in a ballistic range

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Abstract

To gather test data of the nonequilibrium flow in CO2 and investigate the influence of the two-temperature nonequilibrium model on numerical simulations, measurements of shock standoff distances over hypersonic spheres in CO2 have been taken in the hypervelocity ballistic ranges of the Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. Corresponding numerical simulations using the two-temperature model were also performed. The measurements were made for spheres with diameters of 10 mm and 20 mm, flight velocities between 2.122 and 4.220 km/s, and ambient pressures between 2.42 and 14.74 kPa. Test flow fields were visualized by the shadowgraphy for the measurement of shock standoff distances. The shock standoff distances generally decrease as ρR (freestream density × radius of the model, namely the binary scaling parameter) increases. The flow is mainly nonequilibrium when ρR is of the order of 10−4 kg/m2, and the two-temperature nonequilibrium model is applicable for the calculation of the flow field under such conditions. When ρR increases to the order of 10−3 kg/m2, the flow approaches the equilibrium state.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express sincere thanks to Andrew Higgins for his valuable comments and suggestions. Special thanks are also given to the personnel who have participated in the tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang, 621000, People’s Republic of China

    D. Liao, S. Liu, J. Huang, H. Jian, A. Xie & Z. Wang

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  1. D. Liao
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  2. S. Liu
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  3. J. Huang
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  4. H. Jian
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  5. A. Xie
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  6. Z. Wang
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Correspondence to D. Liao.

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Communicated by A. Higgins.

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Liao, D., Liu, S., Huang, J. et al. Measurement and numerical simulation of shock standoff distances over hypersonic spheres in CO2 in a ballistic range. Shock Waves 30, 131–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-019-00923-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-019-00923-1

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