Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lethal and sublethal toxicities of acetogenin-based bioinsecticides on Ceratitis capitata and the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata

  • Published:
Phytoparasitica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, was evaluated the action lethal and sublethal of three formulations of Annona species extracts (A. mucosa, A. muricata and A. sylvatica) on adults of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1852) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and yours parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In addition, the efficacy of the selected toxic bait formulations was evaluated by mixing them with different food attractants (Anamed™, 3% Biofruit and 7% sugarcane molasses). From the use of the discriminatory concentration (2000 mg L-1), only A. mucosa caused mortality of C. capitata of more than 85% in ingestion and topical application bioassays, equivalent a spinosyn-based insecticide (control positive). In toxic bait formulation with the tested food attractants, the extracts had a residual effect (mortality ≥80% C. capitata) up to 14 days after applying treatments (DAAT) in the absence of rain. Based on the LC90 (1984.20 mg L−1) values estimated from the concentration-response curves for C. capitata, A. mucosa caused less than 40% adult mortality of the parasitoid D. longicaudata in the ingestion bioassay. However, both treatments showed no sublethal effects (parasitism reduction) over time. In addition, in bioassays with and without choice, there was a significant reduction in the number of punctures and galls caused by females and larvae of C. capitata, respectively, in grape berries in the presence of dry residues of all evaluated treatments. The A. mucosa seed extract was considered the most promising product for use in C. capitata management programs, particularly in organic-based systems, due to its selectivity to D. longicaudata.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of on insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alali, F. Q., Liu, X. X., & McLaughlin, J. L. (1999). Annonaceous acetogenins: Recent progress. Journal of Natural Products, 62, 504–540. https://doi.org/10.1021/np980406d.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amoabeng, B. W., Johnson, A. C., & Gurr, G. M. (2019). Natural enemy enhancement and botanical insecticide source: A review of dual use companion plants. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 54, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-018-00602-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansante, T. F., Ribeiro, L. P., Bicalho, K. U., Fernandes, J. B., Vieira, P. C., & Vendramim, J. D. (2015). Secondary metabolites from Neotropical Annonaceae: Screening, bioguided fractionation, and toxicity to Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 74, 969–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arouri, R., Le-Goff, G., Hemden, H., Navarro-Llopis, V., M’Saad, M., Castanera, P., Feyereisan, R., Hernandez-Crespo, P., & Ortego, F. (2015). Resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in Spanish field populations of Ceratitis capitata and metabolic resistance mediated by P450 in a resistant strain. Pest Management Science, 71, 1281–1291. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3924.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baronio, C. A., Bernardi, D., Paranhos, B. A. J., Garcia, F. R. M., & Botton, M. (2018). Population suppression of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) on table grapes using toxic baits. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90, 3963–3973. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180707.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baronio, C. A., Bernardi, D., Schutze, I., Baldin, M. M., Machota Jr., R., Garcia, F. R. M., & Botton, M. (2019a). Toxicities of insecticidal toxic baits to control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications for field management. Journal of Economic Entomology, 194, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baronio, C. A., Schutze, I., Nunes, M. Z., Bernardi, D., Machota Jr., R., Bortoli, L. C., Arioli, C. J., Garcia, F. R. M., & Botton, M. (2019b). Toxicities and residual effect of spinosad and alpha-cypermethrin-based baits to replace malathion for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) control. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112, 1798–1804. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi, D., Ribeiro, L. P., Andreazza, F., Neitzke, C., Oliveira, E. E., Botton, M., Nava, D. E., & Vendramim, J. D. (2017). Potential use of Annona by products to control Drosophila suzukii and toxicity to its parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae. Industrial Crops and Products, 110, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi, D., Nondillo, A., Baronio, C. A., Bortoli, L. C., Machota Jr., R., Treptow, R. C. B., Geisler, F. C. S., Neitzke, C. G., Nava, D. E., & Botton, M. (2019). Side effects of toxic bait formulations on Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Scientific Reports, 9, e.12550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49106-z.

  • Biondi, A., Zappala, L., Stark, J. D., & Desneux, N. (2013). Do biopesticides affect the demographic traits of a parasitoid wasp and its biocontrol services through sublethal effects? PLosOne, 9, e76548. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botton, M., Arioli, C. J., Machota Júnior, R., Nunes, M. Z., & Rosa, J. M. (2016). Moscas-das-frutas na fruticultura de clima temperado: situação atual e perspectivas de controle através do emprego de novas formulações de iscas tóxicas e da captura massal. Agropecuária Catarinense, 29, 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chueca, P., Montón, H., Ripollés, J. L., Castañera, P., Moltó, E., & Urbaneja, A. (2007). Spinosad bait treatments as alternative to malathion to control the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Pesticide Science, 32, 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G07-26.

  • Couso-Ferrer, F., Arouri, R., Beroiz, B., Perera, N., Cervera, A., Navarro-Llopis, V., Castañera, P., Hernández-Crespo, P., & Ortego, F. (2011). Cross-resistance to insecticides in a malathion-resistant strait of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, 1349–1356. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec11082.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., & Delpuech, J. M. (2007). The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 52, 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flores, S., Gomez, L. E., & Montoya, P. (2011). Residual control and lethal concentratios of GF-120 (spinosad) for Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, 1885–1891. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec10365.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geisler, F. C. S., Martins, L. N., Treptow, R. C. B., Baronio, C. A., Stupp, P., Ribeiro, L. P., Garcia, F. R. M., & Bernardi, D. (2019). Laboratory and field assessments of lethal and sublethal toxicities of acetogenin-based formulated bioinsecticides against Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 79, 501–511. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392019000400501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbi, A., Abbes, K., Sabater-Muñoz, B., Beitia, F., & Chermiti, B. (2017). Residual toxicity of insecticides used in Tunisian citrus orchards on the imported parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for IPM program of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 15, e1008. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-10734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Härter, W. R., Botton, M., Nava, D. E., Grützmacher, A. D., Gonçalves, R. S., Machota Júnior, R., Bernardi, D., & Zanardi, O. Z. (2015). Toxicities and residual effects of toxic baits containing spinosad or malathion to control the adult Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist, 98, 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinde, J., & Demétrio, C. G. (1998). Overdispersion: Models and estimation. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 27, 151–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isman, M. B. (2017). Bridging the gap: Moving botanical insecticides from the laboratory to the farm. Industrial Crops and Products, 110, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.012.

  • Isman, M. B., & Grieneisen, M. L. (2014). Botanical insecticide research: Many publications, limited useful data. Trends in Plant Science, 19, 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2013.11.005.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isman, M. B., & Seffrin, R. (2014). Natural insecticides from the Annonaceae: A unique example for developing biopesticides, advances in plant biopesticides. Springer, pp., 21–33.

  • Machota Júnior, R., Bortoli, L. C., Botton, M., & Grützmacher, A. D. (2013). Fungi that cause rot in bunches of grape identified in adult fruit flies (Anastrepha fraterculus) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73, 196–201. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392013000200018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magaña, C., Hernandéz-Crespo, P., Ortego, F., & Castañera, P. (2007). Resistance to malathion in field populations of Ceratitis capitata. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, 1836–1843. http://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1836:rtmifp]2.0.co;2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manrakhan, A., Kotze, C., Daneel, J. H., Stephen, P. R., & Beck, R. R. (2013). Investigating a replacement for malathion in bait sprays for fruit fy control in South African citrus orchards. Crop Protection, 43, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.09.010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQuate, G. T. N. J., & Liquido, A. (2017). Host plants of invasive tephritid fruit fly species of economic importance. International Journal of Plant Biology & Research, 5, 1072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meirelles, R. N., Redaelli, L. R., & Ourique, C. B. (2013). Comparative biology of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared on Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist, 96, 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meirelles, R. N., Redaelli, L. R., Jahnke, S. M., Ourique, C. B., & Ozorio, D. V. B. (2016). Parasitism of fruit flies (Tephritidae) in field, after the releases of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 38, 673–683. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452016673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Fadaeinasab, M., Nikzad, S., Mohan, G., Ali, H. M., & Kadir, H. A. (2015). Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A review of its traditional uses, isolated acetogenins and biological activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 15625–15658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715625.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Monsreal-Ceballos, R. J., Ruiz-Sánchez, E., Ballina-Gómez, H. S., Reyes-Ramírez, A., & González-Moreno, A. (2018). Effects of botanical insecticides on hymenopteran parasitoids: A meta-analysis approach. Neotropical Entomology, 47, 681–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-017-0580-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montoya, P., Ruiz, L., Pérez-Lachaud, G., Cancino, J., & Liedo, P. (2013). Field superparasitism by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata attacking Anastrepha spp. larvae on mango fruits. Biological Control, 64, 160–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morelli, R., Paranhos, B. A. J., & Costa, M. L. Z. (2012). Eficiência de Etofenproxi e Acetamiprido no controle de mosca-do-mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomar de manga. Bioassay, 7, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nava, D. E., & Botton, M. (2010). Bioecologia e controle de Anastrepha fraterculus e Ceratitis capitata em pessegueiro. Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro-Llopis, V., Vacas, S., Sanchis, J., Primo, J., & Alfaro, C. (2011). Chemosterilant baitstations coupled with sterile insect technique: An integrated strategy to control the Mediterranean fruitfly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, 1647–1655. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec10448.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro-Llopis, V., Primo, J., & Vacas, S. (2013). Efficacy of attract-and-kill devices for the control of Ceratitis capitata. Pest Management Science, 69, 478–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3393.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ndakidemi, B., Mtei, K., & Ndakidemi, P. (2016). Impacts of synthetic and botanical pesticides on beneficial insects. Agricultural Sciences, 7, 364–372. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2016.76038.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelder, J. A., & Wedderburn, R. W. M. (1972). Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 135, 370–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes, A. M., Costa, K. Z., Faggioni, K. M., Costa, M. L. Z., Gonçalves, R. S., Walder, J. M. M., Garcia, M. S., & Nava, D. E. (2013). Dietas artificiais para a criação de larvas e adultos de mosca-das-frutas sul-americana. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48, 1309–1314 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2013001000001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pretty, J., Benton, T. G., Bharucha, Z. P., Dicks, L. V., Flora, C. B., Godfray, H. C. J., Goulson, D., Hartley, S., Lampkin, N., Morris, C., Pierzynski, G., Prasad, P. V. V., Reganold, J., Rockstrom, J., Smith, P., Thorne, P., & Wratten, S. (2018). Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainbility, 1, 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0114-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R.D.C.T. (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. Online: http://www.r-project.org/.

  • Raga, A., & Galdino, L. T. (2018). Mosca das frutas: Atração Fatal. Cultivar., 109, 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Revis, H. C., Miller, N. W., & Vargas, R. I. (2004). Effects of aging and dilution on attraction and toxicity of GF120 fruit fly bait spray for melon fly control in Hawaii. Horticultural Entomology, 97, 1659–1665. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-97.5.1659.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. D. P., Vendramim, J. D., Bicalho, K. U., Andrade, M. S., Fernandes, J. B., Moral, R. A., & Demétrio, C. G. B. (2013). Annona mucosa Jacq. (Annonaceae): A promising source of bioactive compounds against Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 55, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2013.06.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. D. P., Zanardi, O. Z., Vendramim, J. D., & Yamamoto, P. T. (2014a). Comparative toxicity of an acetogenin-based extract and commercial pesticides against citrus red mite. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 64, 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9810-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. D. P., Akhtar, Y., Vendramim, J. D., & Isman, M. B. (2014b). Comparative bioactivity of selected seed extracts from Brazilian Annona species and an acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide against Trichoplusia ni and Myzus persicae. Crop Protection, 62, 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.04.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. D. P., Santos, M. S., Gonçalves, G. L. P., & Vendramim, J. D. (2015). Toxicity of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Florida Entomologist, 98, 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, L. D. P., Vendramim, J. D., Gonçalves, G. P., Ansante, T. F., Gloria, E. M.d., Lopes, J.d. C., Mello-Silva, R., & Fernandes, J. B. (2016). Searching for promising sources of grain protectors in extracts from Neotropical Annonaceae. Boletín Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales I Aromáticas, 15, 215–232.

  • Sá, R. F.d., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveira, R.d. C. C.d., Santos, J. C. M.d., Moreira, A. A., & Castellani, M. A. (2019). First record of the association of banana (Musa sp.) and Ceratitis capitata (Widemann, 1824) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 41, e-091. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019091.

  • SAS Institute. (2011) Statistical analysis system: Getting started with the SAS learning, 9.2 ed. SAS Institute, carry, NC.

  • Souza, C. M., Baldin, E. L., Ribeiro, L. P., Silva, I. F., Morando, R., Bicalho, K. U., Vendramim, J. D., & Fernandes, J. B. (2017). Lethal and growth inhibitory activities of Neotropical Annonaceae-derived extracts, commercial formulation, and an isolated acetogenin against. Helicoverpa armigera. Journal of Pest Science, 90, 701–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-016-0817-9.

  • Souza, C. M., Baldin, E. L. L., Ribeiro, L. D. P., Santos, T. L. B., Silva, I. F., Morando, R., & Vendramin, J. D. (2019). Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of Annonaceae derivatives on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Crop Protection, 121, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.03.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tormo, J. R., Gallardo, T., Gonzalez, M. C., Bermejo, A., Cabedo, N., Andreu, I., & Estornell, E. (1999). Annonaceous acetogenins as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I. Current Topics in Phytochemistry, 2, 69–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urbaneja, A., Chueca, O., Montón, H., Pascual-Ruiz, S., Dembilio, O., Vanaclocha, P., Abad-Moyano, R., Pina, T., & Castañera, P. (2009). Chemical alternatives to malathion for controlling Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), and their side effects on natural enemies in Spanish citrus orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vontas, J., Crespo, P. H., Margaritopoulos, J. T., Ortego, F., Feng, H. T., Mathiopoulos, K. D., & Hsu, J. C. (2011). Insecticide resistance in Tephritid flies. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100, 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.04.004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanardi, O. Z., Ribeiro, L. D. P., Ansante, T. F., Santos, M. S., Bordini, G. P., Yamamoto, P. T., & Vendramim, J. D. (2015). Bioactivity of a matrine-based biopesticide against four pest species of agricultural importance. Crop Protection, 67, 160–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucchi, R.A., Moraes, R.C.B. (2012) Fruit flies in Brazil - Hosts and parasitoids of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Available in: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/ceratitis/, updated on April 12, 2019. Accessed on 01/10/19.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Rio Grande do Sul Research Support Foundation (FAPERGS, project 17 / 2551-0000778-6) for their financial support for research execution and scholarship provision.

Author contribution statement

PS, DB, LdPR, DB and DEN planed and designed research, PS, LNM, DCO, JACM and BP conducted experiments, DB, MR and LdPR conducted statistical analysis. DB, MR wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Paloma Stupp, Matheus Rakes, Liliane Nachtigall Martins, Bruna Piovesan, Daiana da Costa Oliveira, Javier A. Contreras Miranda & Daniel Bernardi

  2. Research Center for Family Agriculture, Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI/CEPAF), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Leandro do Prado Ribeiro

  3. Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Dori Edson Nava & Daniel Bernardi

Authors
  1. Paloma Stupp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matheus Rakes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Liliane Nachtigall Martins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bruna Piovesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Daiana da Costa Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Javier A. Contreras Miranda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Leandro do Prado Ribeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Dori Edson Nava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Daniel Bernardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matheus Rakes.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Stupp, P., Rakes, M., Martins, L.N. et al. Lethal and sublethal toxicities of acetogenin-based bioinsecticides on Ceratitis capitata and the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Phytoparasitica 48, 477–489 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-020-00801-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-020-00801-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation