Abstract
Due to intense human activities, urban street dusts and river sediments are usually polluted by heavy metals. This study investigated the seasonal variations (summer and winter) of pollution level, spatial distribution and potential sources of heavy metals in street dusts (SD) and river sediments (RS) of Dongluo River watershed, Ji’nan, China. Results showed cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contents were 3.5 (8.6), 3.0 (1.4), 4.9 (2.6), 4.1 (1.1) and 3.9 (4.0)-fold of their geochemical soil background values (BGV) of Shandong Province, China in summer (winter). Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) contents were lower than their background values in both summer and winter. The differences of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and As contents in river sediments between winter and summer were not statistically significant. The correlation coefficients between metal contents and the distance between sampling sites and the east-west boundary of study area were higher in summer than those in winter. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate linear regression (MLR), coal combustion and traffic-related sources were the main sources in winter, and agricultural activities and traffic-related sources were the main sources in summer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah MZ, Lousi VC, Abas MT (2015) Metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of Balok river sediment, Pahang Malaysia. American Journal of Environmental Engineering 5(3A):1–7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/c.ajee.201501.01
Al-Khashman OA (2004) Heavy metal distribution in dust, street dust and soils from the work place in Karak Industrial Estate, Jordan. Atmospheric Environment 38(39):6803–6812, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.011
Alloway BJ (2010) Heavy metals in soils: Trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability, 3rd edition. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 614
Apeagyei E, Bank MS, Spengler JD (2011) Distribution of heavy metals in road dust along an urban-rural gradient in Massachusetts. Atmospheric Environment 45(13):2310–2323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.015
Bakri DA, Rahman S, Bowling L (2008) Sources and management of urban stormwater pollution in rural catchments, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356(3–4):299–311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.04.017
Banerjee S, Kumar A, Maiti SK, Chowdhury A (2016) Seasonal variation in heavy metal contaminations in water and sediments of Jamshedpur stretch of Subarnarekha river, India. Environmental Earth Sciences 75(3):1–12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4990-6
Biasioli M, Barberis R, Ajmone-Marsan F (2006) The influence of a large city on some soil properties and metals content. Science of the Total Environment 356(1–3):154–164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.033
CNEMC (1990) The backgrounds of soil environment in China. China National Environmental Monitoring Center, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, China, 330–493
de Miguel E, Llamas JF, Chacon E, Berg T, Larssen S, Royset O, Vadset M (1997) Origin and patterns of distribution of trace elements in street dust: Unleaded petrol and urban lead. Atmospheric Environment 31(17):2733–2740, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00101-5
Diop C, Dewaele D, Cazier F, Diouf A, Ouddane B (2015) Assessment of trace metals contamination level, bioavailability and toxicity in sediments from Dakar coast and Saint Louis estuary in Senegal, West Africa. Chemosphere 138:980–987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.041
Doabi SA, Afyuni M, Karami M (2017) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals contamination in atmospheric dust of Kermanshah province, western Iran, during the spring and summer 2013. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 180:61–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.06.007
Dong B, Zhang RZ, Gan YD, Cai LQ, Freidenreich A, Wang KP, Guo TW, Wang HB (2019) Multiple methods for the identification of heavy metal sources in cropland soils from a resource-based region. Science of the Total Environment 651(1–3):3127–3138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.130
Fairbrother A, Wenstel R, Sappington K, Wood W (2007) Framework for metals risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 68(2):145–227, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.015
Franco CFJ, de Resende MF, Furtado LD, Brasil TF, Eberlin MN, Netto ADP (2017) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust of Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi, Brazil: Particle size distribution, sources and cancer risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment 599:305–313, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.060
Gu YG, Ouyang J, An H, Jiang SH, Tang HQ (2017) Risk assessment and seasonal variation of heavy metals in settling particulate matter (spm) from a typical southern chinese mariculture base. Marine Pollution Bulletin 123(1–2):404–409, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.044
Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach. Water Research 14(8):975–1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
Han DM, Cheng JP, Hu XF, Jiang ZY, Mo L, Xu H, Ma YN, Chen XJ, Wang HL (2017) Spatial distribution, risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 115(1–2):141–148, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.062
Hanif N, Eqani SAMAS, Ali SM, Cincinelli A, Ali N, Katsoyiannis IA, Tanveer ZI, Bokhari H (2016) Geo-accumulation and enrichment of trace metals in sediments and their associated risks in the Chenab River, Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 165:62–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.02.006
Hill NA, Simpson SL, Johnston EL (2013) Beyond the bed: Effects of metal contamination on recruitment to bedded sediments and overlying substrata. Environmental Pollution 173:182–191, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.029
Huang Y, Deng M, Wu S, Japenga J, Li T, Yang X, He Z (2018) A modified receptor model for source apportionment of heavy metal pollution in soil. Journal of Hazardous Material 354:161–169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.006
Huang MJ, Wang W, Chan CY, Cheung KC, Man YB, Wang XM, Wong MH (2014) Contamination and risk assessment (based on bioaccessibility via ingestion and inhalation) of metal(loid)s in outdoor and indoor particles from urban centers of Guangzhou, China. Science of the Total Environment 479:117–124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.115
Imai N, Terashima S, Itoh S, Ando A (1995) 1994 compilation values for GSJ reference samples, “Igneous rock series”. Geochemical Journal 29(1):91–95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.29.91
Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Raknuzzaman M, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Islam MK (2015) Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators 48:282–291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.016
Kamani H, Mahvi AH, Seyedsalehi M, Jaafari J, Hoseini M, Safari GH, Dalvand A, Aslani H, Mirzaei N, Ashrafi SD (2017) Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust of tehran, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 14(12):2675–2682, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1327-x
Kebenei MC (2017) Assessment of land use and land cover change in Makueni County for selected time periods. PhD Thesis, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
Keshavarzi B, Tazarvi Z, Rajabzadeh MA, Najmeddin A (2015) Chemical speciation, human health risk assessment and pollution level of selected heavy metals in urban street dust of shiraz, Iran. Atmospheric Environment 119:1–10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.001
Kuusisto-Hjort P, Hjort J (2013) Land use impacts on trace metal concentrations of suburban stream sediments in the Helsinki region, Finland. Science of the Total Environment 456–457:222–230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.086
Li HH, Chen LJ, Yu L, Guo ZB, Shan CQ, Lin JQ, Gu YG, Yang ZB, Yang YX, Shao JR, Zhu XM, Cheng Z (2017a) Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of human exposure to oral bio-accessibility of heavy metals via urban street dusts from different functional areas in Chengdu, China. Science of the Total Environment 586:1076–1084, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.092
Li ZG, Feng XB, Li GH, Bi XY, Zhu JM, Qin HB, Dai ZH, Liu JL, Li QH, Sun GY (2013) Distributions, sources and pollution status of 17 trace metal/metalloids in the street dust of a heavily industrialized city of central China. Environmental Pollution 182:408–416, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.041
Li N, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zuo W, Zhan W, Zhang J (2017b) Heavy metal contamination status and source apportionment in sediments of Songhua River Harbin region, Northeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24(4):3214–3225, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7132-0
Liao JB, Chen J, Ru X, Chen JD, Wu HZ, Wei CH (2017) Heavy metals in river surface sediments affected with multiple pollution sources, South China: Distribution, enrichment and source apportionment. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 176:9–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.08.013
Liu CH, Cen K (2007) Chemical composition and possible sources of elements in street dusts in beijing. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007(7):1181–1188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2007.07.018 (in Chinese)
Malvandi H (2017) Preliminary evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the Zarrin-Gol River sediments, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin 117(1–2):547–553, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.035
Men C, Liu RM, Wang QR Guo LJ, Shen ZY (2018a) The impact of seasonal varied human activity on characteristics and sources of heavy metals in metropolitan road dusts. Science of the Total Environment 637:844–854, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.059
Men C, Liu RM, Xu F, Wang QR, Guo LJ, Shen ZY (2018b) Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. Science of the Total Environment 612:138–147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.123
Nuel M, Laurent J, Bois P, Heintz D, Wanko A (2018) Seasonal and ageing effect on the behaviour of 86 drugs in a full-scale surface treatment wetland: Removal efficiencies and distribution in plants and sediments. Science of the Total Environment 615:1099–1109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.061
Pan HY, Lu XW, Lei K (2017) A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi’an, China: Contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment 609:1361–1369, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.004
Resongles E, Casiot C, Freydier R, Dezileau L, Viers J, Elbaz-Poulichet F (2014) Persisting impact of historical mining activity to metal (Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl, Hg) and metalloid (As, Sb) enrichment in sediments of the Gardon River, Southern France. Science of the Total Environment 481:509–521, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.078
Selonen V, Varjonen R, Korpimaki E (2015) Immediate or lagged responses of a red squirrel population to pulsed resources. Oecologia 177(2): 401–411, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3148-7
Sun ZB, Zhou J, Hu BB, Wang ZW, Meng WQ, Wang ZL (2014) Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in urban street dust of Tianjin. Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2014(1):157–163, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2014.01.016 (in Chinese)
Suresh G, Ramasamy V, Sundarrajan M, Paramasivam K (2015) Spatial and vertical distributions of heavy metals and their potential toxicity levels in various beach sediments from high-background-radiation area, Kerala, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin 91(1):389–400, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.007
Tuccillo ME (2006) Size fractionation of metals in runoff from residential and highway storm sewers. Science of the Total Environment 355(1–3):288–300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.03.003
Urrutia-Goyes R, Hernandez N, Carrillo-Gamboa O, Nigam KDP, Ornelas-Soto N (2018) Street dust from a heavily-populated and industrialized city: Evaluation of spatial distribution, origins, pollution, ecological risks and human health repercussions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 159:198–204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.054
Varol M, Sen B (2012) Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey. Catena 92:1–10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.011
Wang S, Cai LM, Wen HH, Luo J, Wang QS, Liu X (2019) Spatial distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in soil from a typical county-level city of Guangdong Province, China. Science of the Total Environment 655:92–101, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.244
Wang JH, Li SW, Cui XY, Li HM, Qian X, Wang C, Sun YX (2016a) Bio-accessibility, sources and health risk assessment of trace metals in urban park dust in Nanjing, Southeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 128:161–170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.020
Wang HY, Lu SG (2011) Spatial distribution, source identification and affecting factors of heavy metals contamination in urban-suburban soils of Lishui city, China. Science of the Total Environment 64(7):1921–1929, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1005-0
Wang ZW, Wang YW, Hou YY, Bao SS, Wang QQ (2016b) Relationship between landscape pattern and spatial variation of heavy metals in aquatic sediments in headwaters area of yuqiao reservoir. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016(9):3423–3429, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.09.021 (in Chinese)
Wang DY, Zhuang T, Li YX, Song NN, Zhao YQ (2018) Heavy metal pollution features in the sediment and surface dust of the rainwater catchment area of Dongluo River in Jinan City. Journal of Safety and Environment 2018(4):1586–1592, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2018.04.061 (in Chinese)
Wei C, Bandowe BAM, Han YM, Cao JJ, Zhan CL, Wilcke W (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (alkyl-PAHs, oxygenated-PAHs, nitrated-PAHs and azaarenes) in urban road dusts from Xi’an, Central China. Chemosphere 134:512–520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.052
Wijaya AR, Ouchi AK, Tanaka K, Shinjo R, Ohde S (2012) Metal contents and Pb isotopes in road-side dust and sediment of Japan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 118:68–76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.009
Wu Q, Qi J, Xia X (2017) Long-term variations in sediment heavy metals of a reservoir with changing trophic states: Implications for the impact of climate change. The Science of the total environment 609(2):242–250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.041
Xu FJ, Liu ZQ, Cao YC, Qiu LW, Feng JW, Xu F, Tian X (2017) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban river sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay catchment, Qingdao, China. Catena 150:9–16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.11.004
Xu X, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Deng W (2014) Sources of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils of a rapidly industrializing area in the yangtze delta of China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 108:161–167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.001
Yahaya MI, Jacob AG, Agbendeh ZM, Akpan GP, Kwasara AA (2012) Seasonal potential toxic metals contents of Yauri river bottom sediments: North western Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 4(12):212–221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JECE11.080
Yang M, Li XY (2014) Dynamic changes and cause analysis of heavy metals in street dust in Guiyang City, China. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 2014(8):2070–2076, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.0690 (in Chinese)
Yildirim G, Tokalioglu S (2016) Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 124:369–376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.006
Yu Y, Li Y, Li B, Shen Z, Stenstrom MK (2016) Profiles of lead in urban dust and the effect of the distance to multi-industry in an old heavy industry city in China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 137:281–287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.031
Zhang ZY, Abuduwaili J, Jiang FQ (2015) Sources, pollution statue and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of Aibi Lake, Northwest China. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2015(2):490–496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkX.2015.02.016 (in Chinese)
Zhang GL, Bai JH, Xiao R, Zhao QQ, Jia J, Cui BS, Liu XH (2017) Heavy metal fractions and ecological risk assessment in sediments from urban, rural and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Estuary, China. Chemosphere 184:278–288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.155
Zhang JF, Gao XL (2015) Heavy metals in surface sediments of the intertidal Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China: Distributions, sources and contamination assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98(1–2):320–327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.035
Zhang W, Tong YD, Wang HH, Chen L, Ou LB, Wang XJ, Liu GH, Zhu Y (2014) Emission of metals from pelletized and uncompressed biomass fuels combustion in rural household stoves in China. Scientific Reports 4(1):5611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05611
Zhao DB, Wan SM, Yu ZJ, Huang J (2015) Distribution, enrichment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hainan Island rivers, China. Environmental Earth Sciences 74(6):5097–5110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4522-4
Zheng N, Liu JS, Wang QC, Liang ZZ (2010) Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district, northeast of China. Atmospheric Environment 44(27):3239–3245, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.002
Zhuang W, Gao XL (2015) Distributions, sources and ecological risk assessment of arsenic and mercury in the surface sediments of the southwestern coastal Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 99(1–2):320–327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.037
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51721093), the National Key Research & Development Program (2016YFA0602304), the Fund for the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant number 41530635), and the Interdisciplinary Research Funds of Beijing Normal University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplementary Material for
12205_2020_2194_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Seasonal Variation and Sources of Heavy Metals in Urban Street Dusts and River Sediments of Dongluo River Watershed in Ji’nan City, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duan, T., Liu, S., Wang, D. et al. Seasonal Variation and Sources of Heavy Metals in Urban Street Dusts and River Sediments of Dongluo River Watershed in Ji’nan City, China. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 1400–1410 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-2194-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-2194-4