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Geochemistry of continental alkali basalts in the Sabzevar region, northern Iran: implications for the role of pyroxenite in magma genesis

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Abstract

A geochemical study was undertaken on basaltic lava flows intercalated with Oligocene to Miocene strata in the Sabzevar region, northern Iran, to examine their petrogenesis in a regional tectonic framework. The lavas are either aphyric or have phenocrysts and micro-phenocrysts of olivine and, to a lesser extent, clinopyroxene. Geochemically, the lavas are silica-undersaturated alkali basalts characterized by relatively high Mg# (~ 57–66) and Na2O/K2O (~ 2.0–6.7). They have distinctive trace element patterns characterized by strong rare-earth element fractionation, negative Nb–Ta and Zr-Hf anomalies and a positive Sr anomaly. Significant contamination by crustal materials either in the magma source or during ascent is ruled out on the basis of trace element compositions and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7037–0.7048 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.5128–0.5130), both of which differ markedly from continental crustal rocks. Phenocryst assemblage, analysis of multiple saturation points in lherzolite systems, and covariations of La/Yb with MgO of the studied lavas are generally consistent with an origin involving high-pressure fractionation of peridotite-derived melts. Primary magma compositions calculated by reversed fractionation of clinopyroxene and olivine for the relatively primitive samples (> 9 wt.% MgO), however, do not plot on the lherzolite multiple saturation points. Also, high-pressure fractionation predicts increasing trends of silica undersaturation and alkalinitiy with differentiation, and such trends are not indicated by the geochemical data. We suggest that the mixed trends shown by the data might be related to melt generation from both peridotite and silica-deficient pyroxenite sources, superimposed by variable degrees of high-pressure fractionation. The role of pyroxenite in magma genesis is indicated not only by the positive Sr anomaly shown by the trace element patterns, but also first-row transition element systematics of the studied lavas. The silica-deficient pyroxenites contributing to melt generation might have been transformed from mafic–ultramafic cumulates in subducted, lower oceanic crust, or might have formed in the lower crust or mantle lithosphere under continents during earlier magmatic episodes.

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taken from Sun and McDonough (1989)

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taken from Wilson (1989). Fields of enriched mantle I and II (EM1 and EM2) are after Zindler and Hart (1986)

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source that undergoes partial melting as predicted by FRTE in melting experiments (Le Roux et al. 2011)

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Acknowledgements

The first author expresses his gratitude to the Ministry of Science and Technology of Iran and the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of the Shahrood University of Technology for support. This project was supported by funding from Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (105-2628-M-001-002-MY4 to KNP). Journal reviews by Tom Sisson and an anonymous reviewer, and editorial handling by executive editor T.L. Grove, are appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Mojtaba Rostami-Hossouri, Habibollah Ghasemi, Mehdi Rezaei-Kahkhaei & Mohsen Mobasheri

  2. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan

    Kwan-Nang Pang, Yoshiyuki Iizuka & Hao-Yang Lee

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan

    J. Gregory Shellnutt

  4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Laicheng Miao

  5. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Te-Hsien Lin

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  1. Mojtaba Rostami-Hossouri
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  4. J. Gregory Shellnutt
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Correspondence to Kwan-Nang Pang.

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Communicated by Timothy L. Grove.

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Rostami-Hossouri, M., Ghasemi, H., Pang, KN. et al. Geochemistry of continental alkali basalts in the Sabzevar region, northern Iran: implications for the role of pyroxenite in magma genesis. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01687-z

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