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Metabolomics and hormonomics to crack the code of filbert growth

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Abstract

Introduction

Plants respond to changes in their environments through hormonal activation of a physiological cascade that redirects metabolic resources and growth. In filberts (Corylus sp.), chelated iron promotes the growth of new shoots but the mechanism(s) are not understood.

Objectives

To use untargeted metabolomics and hormonomics approaches to generate novel hypotheses for the morphoregulatory role of ferric ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-(ortho-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (Fe-EDDHA) in filbert shoot organogenesis in vitro.

Methods

Data were generated using previously optimized standardized untargeted metabolomics protocols with time of flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical tools (principal component and partial least squares discriminant analysis) did not detect significant differences. Discovery tools Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), multiple linear regression analysis, Bayesian analysis, logical algorithms, machine learning, synthetic biotransformations, targeted hormonomics, and online resources including MetaboAnalyst were used.

Results

Starch/sucrose metabolism and shikimate pathway metabolites were increased. Dose dependent decreases were found in polyphenol metabolism, specifically ellagic acid and its methylated derivative 3,4,3′-tri-O-methylellagic acid. Hormonomics analysis revealed significant differences in phytohormones and their conjugates. FeEDDHA treatment reduced indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid conjugates (JA-Trp, JA-Ile, OH-JA) and dihydrozeatinglucoside in regenerating explants. Serotonin (5HT) was decreased in FeEDDHA-treated regenerating tissues while the related metabolite melatonin was increased. Eight phenolic conjugates of 5HT and eight catabolites were affected by FeEDDHA indicating that metabolism to sequester, deactivate and metabolize 5HT was induced by Fe(III). Tryptophan was metabolized through kynurenine but not anthranilate.

Conclusion

Seven novel hypotheses were generated to guide future studies to understand the regulatory control(s) of shoot organogenesis.

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Data availability

The metabolomics and metadata reported in this paper have been made available via the NIH Metabolomics Workbench Study ID ST001296.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Room 350 Fipke Centre, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada

    Lauren A. E. Erland & Susan J. Murch

  2. Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Christina E. Turi & Praveen K. Saxena

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  1. Lauren A. E. Erland
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SJM & PKS: Conceptualization; SJM, CET & LAEE: Methodology/Investigation; SJM, CET & LAEE: Data Analysis and Interpretation; SJM & PKS: Funding. All authors participated in review of the manuscript and have approved its submission in the current format.

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Correspondence to Susan J. Murch.

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 346 kb)

Table S1: Summary of metabolomic analysis for filbert cultures treated with 0, 230, 460, and 690 µM Fe-EDDHA.

Table S2: Significant compounds showing increasing and decreasing trends in response to Fe-EDDHA treatment (0, 230, 460, 690 µM).

Table S3. SAM significant metabolites complete list of all features.

Table S4. Complete list of hormonomics analysis.

Table S5. Complete list of biotransformations of serotonin, melatonin and tryptophan.

Table S6: Summary of increasing and decreasing biotransformations in response to Fe-EDDHA treatment (0, 230, 460, 690 µM): Metabolite IDs listed below correspond to those listed in Table 2 and their corresponding biotransformation (i.e. +CH3, +NH2, - H2).

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 91 kb)

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Erland, L.A.E., Turi, C.E., Saxena, P.K. et al. Metabolomics and hormonomics to crack the code of filbert growth. Metabolomics 16, 62 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01684-0

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