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Rapid toxicity assessment of six antifouling booster biocides using a microplate-based chlorophyll fluorescence in Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes

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Abstract

Biocides of antifouling agents can cause problems in marine ecosystems by damaging to non-target algal species. Aquatic bioassays are important means of assessing the quality of water containing mixtures of contaminants and of providing a safety standard for water management in an ecological context. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive test method was developed using free-living male and female gametophytes of the brown macroalga Undaria pinnatifida. A conventional fluorometer was employed to evaluate the acute (48 h) toxic effects of six antifouling biocides: 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-isothiazolone (DCOIT), diuron, irgarol, medetomidine, tolylfluanid, zinc pyrithione (ZnPT). The decreasing toxicity in male and female gametophytes as estimated by EC50 (effective concentration at which 50% inhibition occurs) values was: diuron (0.037 and 0.128 mg l−1, respectively) > irgarol (0.096 and 0.172 mg l−1, respectively) > tolylfluanid (0.238 and 1.028 mg l−1, respectively) > DCOIT (1.015 and 0.890 mg l−1, respectively) > medetomidine (12.032 and 12.763 mg l−1, respectively). For ZnPT, 50% fluorescence inhibition of U. pinnatifida gametophytes occurred at concentrations above 0.4 mg l−1. The Undaria method is rapid, simple, practical, and cost-effective for the detection of photosynthesis-inhibiting biocides, thus making a useful tool for testing the toxicity of antifouling agents in marine environments.

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  1. Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea

    Hojun Lee, Soyeon Choi & Taejun Han

  2. Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21985, Republic of Korea

    Hojun Lee, Stephen Depuydt, Taejun Han & Jihae Park

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Lee, H., Depuydt, S., Choi, S. et al. Rapid toxicity assessment of six antifouling booster biocides using a microplate-based chlorophyll fluorescence in Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes. Ecotoxicology 29, 559–570 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02207-2

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