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Pectic galactan affects cell wall architecture during secondary cell wall deposition

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Abstract

Main conclusion

β-(1,4)-galactan determines the interactions between different matrix polysaccharides and cellulose during the cessation of cell elongation.

Abstract

Despite recent advances regarding the role of pectic β-(1,4)-galactan neutral side chains in primary cell wall remodelling during growth and cell elongation, little is known about the specific function of this polymer in other developmental processes. We have used transgenic Arabidopsis plants overproducing chickpea βI-Gal β-galactosidase under the 35S CaMV promoter (35S::βI-Gal) with reduced galactan levels in the basal non-elongating floral stem internodes to gain insight into the role of β-(1,4)-galactan in cell wall architecture during the cessation of elongation and the beginning of secondary growth. The loss of galactan mediated by βI-Gal in 35S::βI-Gal plants is accompanied by a reduction in the levels of KOH-extracted xyloglucan and an increase in the levels of xyloglucan released by a cellulose-specific endoglucanase. These variations in cellulose–xyloglucan interactions cause an altered xylan and mannan deposition in the cell wall that in turn results in a deficient lignin deposition. Considering these results, we can state that β-(1,4)-galactan plays a key structural role in the correct organization of the different domains of the cell wall during the cessation of growth and the early events of secondary cell wall development. These findings reinforce the notion that there is a mutual dependence between the different polysaccharides and lignin polymers to form an organized and functional cell wall.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness (MINECO) (BFU2013-44793-P) and by the Regional Government of Castile and Leon [SA027G18]. MM-S was supported by FPI grant from the Basque Government. LA was supported by an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Generation of the CCRC series of monoclonal antibodies was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Program (DBI-0421683). We thank Dr. Toshihisa Kotake, from the Division of Life Science of Saitama University (Japan), for kindly gifting the galactoside substrates. Dr. George Lomonossoff (John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK) for pEAQ vectors development and Plant Bioscience Ltd. (Norwich, UK) for kindly providing these vectors. Dr. Purificación Corchete (Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, University of Salamanca) for helping with lignin isolation. Dr. Anna Lithgow (General Service of NMR of the University of Salamanca) and Drs. Rafael Peláez and Manuel Medarde (Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Salamanca) for helping with 2D NMR analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain

    María Moneo-Sánchez, Andrea Vaquero-Rodríguez, Lucía Albornos, Berta Dopico, Emilia Labrador & Ignacio Martín

  2. Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    Josefina Hernández-Nistal

  3. Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Paul Knox

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  1. María Moneo-Sánchez
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  2. Andrea Vaquero-Rodríguez
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  3. Josefina Hernández-Nistal
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  8. Ignacio Martín
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Correspondence to Ignacio Martín.

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Moneo-Sánchez, M., Vaquero-Rodríguez, A., Hernández-Nistal, J. et al. Pectic galactan affects cell wall architecture during secondary cell wall deposition. Planta 251, 100 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03394-2

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