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Contrasting land use legacy effects on forest landscape dynamics in the Italian Alps and the Apennines

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Abstract

Context

Land use legacies of human activities and recent post-abandonment forest expansion have extensively modified numerous forest landscapes throughout the European mountain ranges. Drivers of forest expansion and the effects of changes on ecosystem services are currently debated.

Objectives

(i) To compare landscape transition patterns of the Alps and the Apennines (Italy), (ii) to quantify the dominant landscape transitions, and (iii) to measure the influence of climatic, topographic and anthropogenic driving factors.

Methods

Land cover changes and landscape pattern modifications were investigated at the regional (over 28 years, Alps and Apennines, Corine Land Cover dataset) and landscape scale (over 58 years, 8 Alpine and 8 Apennine sites, aerial images). The main driving factors of post-abandonment forest landscape dynamics were assessed with a statistical modeling approach.

Results

Forest expansion was the dominant landscape transition at both Italian mountain ranges, with an annual overall rate of 0.6%. Forest expansion was more extensive at lower elevations in the Apennines where climate is less limiting and extensive abandoned croplands and pastures were available throughout the study period. Distance from pre-existing forest edges in the Alps and elevation in the Apennines emerged as the most important predictors.

Conclusions

Forest expansion is most rapid where areas of recent agricultural abandonment coincide with favorable climatic conditions. Thus the prediction of forest landscape dynamics, in these mountain forests with a long history of cultural use, requires knowledge of how the magnitude and timing of land use changes intersect spatially and temporally with suitable conditions for tree establishment and growth.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available in the Figshare repository, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11409444.v1

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Nicolò Anselmetto, Michela Basso, Alessandra Bottero, Ariele Cinti, Francesca Lallo, Sara Martelletti, Fedele Maiorano, Fabio Meloni, Sara Saraceni, Laurent Perron and Marta Martinez Subirà for their help with image processing and GIS analyses.

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MG conceived the experiment and all authors contributed to the study design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MG, DM, ES, FM, AV and CU. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MG and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Matteo Garbarino.

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Garbarino, M., Morresi, D., Urbinati, C. et al. Contrasting land use legacy effects on forest landscape dynamics in the Italian Alps and the Apennines. Landscape Ecol 35, 2679–2694 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01013-9

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