Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV71), the main etiological agent of handfoot- mouth disease (HFMD), circulates in many areas of the world and has caused large epidemics since 1997, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we determined the full-genome sequence of CMC718, a newly isolated EV71 strain in Korea. The CMC718 genome was 7,415 nucleotides in length and was confirmed by whole-genome phylogenetic analysis to belong to the B5 genotype. In particular, CMC718 demonstrated maximum identity with strain M988 of the B5 genotype and numerous amino acid variants were detected in the 3D domain of the viral protein P3, which is consistent with the mutation pattern of a B5 strain isolated in 2012–2013. Comparison of the CMC718 sequence with other EV71 reference strains confirmed the relationship and genetic variation of CMC718. Our study was a full-genome sequence analysis of the first EV71 strain of the B5 genotype isolated in South Korea. This information will be a valuable reference for the development of methods for the detection of recombinant viruses, the tracking of infections, and the diagnosis of EV71.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cao, J., Liu, H., Qu, M., Hou, A., Zhou, Y., Sun, B., Cai, L., Gao, F., Su, W., and Jiang, C. 2019. Determination of the cleavage site of enterovirus 71 VP0 and the effect of this cleavage on viral infectivity and assembly. Microb. Pathog.134, 103568.
Cox, J.A., Hiscox, J.A., Solomon, T., Ooi, M.H., and Ng, L.F.P. 2017. Immunopathogenesis and virus-host interactions of enterovirus 71 in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. Front. Microbiol.8, 2249.
Donato, C., Hoi le, T., Hoa, N.T., Hoa, T.M., Van Duyet, L., Dieu Ngan, T.T., Van Kinh, N., Vu Trung, N., and Vijaykrishna, D. 2016. Genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 strains circulating in Vietnam in 2012. Virology495, 1–9.
Duong, V., Mey, C., Eloit, M., Zhu, H., Danet, L., Huang, Z., Zou, G., Tarantola, A., Cheval, J., Perot, P., et al. 2016. Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 at the origin of an epidemic of fatal hand, foot and mouth disease cases in Cambodia. Emerg. Microbes Infect.5, e104.
Ferrer-Orta, C., Ferrero, D., and Verdaguer, N. 2015. RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of picornaviruses: from the structure to regulatory mechanisms. Viruses7, 4438–4460.
Hong, J., Kang, B., Kim, A., Hwang, S., Lee, S., Kim, J., Lee, H.Y., Kang, S.H., and Cheon, D.S. 2010. Enhanced detection of enteroviruses in clinical samples by reverse transcription-PCR using complementary locked primer technology. J. Clin. Microbiol.48, 615–616.
Horwood, P.F., Andronico, A., Tarantola, A., Salje, H., Duong, V., Mey, C., Ly, S., Dussart, P., Cauchemez, S., and Buchy, P. 2016. Seroepidemiology of human enterovirus 71 infection among children, Cambodia. Emerg. Infect. Dis.22, 92–95.
Hyeon, J.Y., Hwang, S., Kim, H., Song, J., Ahn, J., Kang, B., Kim, K., Choi, W., Chung, J.K., Kim, C.H.et al. 2013. Accuracy of diagnostic methods and surveillance sensitivity for human enterovirus, South Korea, 1999–2011. Emerg. Infect. Dis.19, 1268–1275.
Jang, J., Oh, S., Park, S.H., Ham, H.J., Jo, S., Choi, S., Kang, B., Hwang, S.Y., and Kim, J.S. 2013. Genotypes and infection status of human enterovirus associated with enteric and respiratory patients in Seoul, Korea. J. Environ. Health Sci.39, 178–186.
Jung, Y.T., Kim, G.R., and Paik, S.Y. 1998. Molecular biological characterization of enterovirus variant isolated from patients with aseptic meningitis. Exp. Mol. Med.30, 101–107.
Kim, H.J., Hyeon, J.Y., Hwang, S., Lee, Y.P., Lee, S.W., Yoo, J.S., Kang, B., Ahn, J.B., Jeong, Y.S., and Lee, J.W. 2016a. Epidemiology and virologic investigation of human enterovirus 71 infection in the Republic of Korea from 2007 to 2012: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Infect. Dis.16, 425.
Kim, H.J., Hyeon, J.Y., Hwang, S., Lee, Y.P., Lee, S.W., Yoo, J.S., Kang, B., Ahn, J.B., Jeong, Y.S., and Lee, J.W. 2016b. Epidemiology and virologic investigation of human enterovirus 71 infection in the Republic of Korea from 2007 to 2012: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Infect. Dis.16, 425.
Lee, J.A., Yoon, Y.S., Hyeon, J.Y., Yoo, J.S., Lee, S.W., Lee, J.W., and Lee, S.W. 2016. Sequence analysis of the first C2 subgenogroup strain of enterovirus 71 isolated in Korea. J. Clin. Virol.85, 13–16.
Li, J., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Ma, H., Liu, X.X., Liang, Z., Zhang, W., Jing, H., Du, Y., Yang, Y.et al. 2018. Analysis of an imported subgenotype C2 strain of human enterovirus 71 in Beijing, China, 2015. Front. Microbiol.9, 2337.
Lin, T.Y., Twu, S.J., Ho, M.S., Chang, L.Y., and Lee, C.Y. 2003. Enterovirus 71 outbreaks, Taiwan: occurrence and recognition. Emerg. Infect. Dis.9, 291–293.
NikNadia, N., Sam, I.C., Rampal, S., WanNorAmalina, W., Nur-Atifah, G., Verasahib, K., Ong, C.C., MohdAdib, M., and Chan, Y.F. 2016. Cyclical patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 in Malaysia. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.10, e0004562.
Noisumdaeng, P., Sangsiriwut, K., Prasertsopon, J., Klinmalai, C., Payungporn, S., Mungaomklang, A., Chokephaibulkit, K., Buathong, R., Thitithanyanont, A., and Puthavathana, P. 2018. Complete genome analysis demonstrates multiple introductions of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 recombinant strains into Thailand during the past decade. Emerg. Microbes Infect.7, 214.
Ooi, M.H., Wong, S.C., Lewthwaite, P., Cardosa, M.J., and Solomon, T. 2010. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71. Lancet Neurol.9, 1097–1105.
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol.4, 406–425.
Wang, S.M., Ho, T.S., Lin, H.C., Lei, H.Y., Wang, J.R., and Liu, C.C. 2012. Reemerging of enterovirus 71 in Taiwan: the age impact on disease severity. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.31, 1219–1224.
Wang, Q., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Yan, L., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Sun, J., Chang, Z., and Wang, Z. 2014. Clinical features of severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease with EV71 virus infection in China. Arch. Med. Sci.10, 510–516.
Xie, B.Y., Xu, C., Xiong, Q., Zhu, M., Duan, H., Wang, Y.Y., Zhang, H., Ni, X.F., Wang, L.H., Li, X.W.et al. 2016. Gene sequencing and variable site analyzing of coding region of two enterovirus A71 isolates with different clinical phenotypes. Infect. Genet. Evol.45, 83–89.
Yi, E.J., Shin, Y.J., Kim, J.H., Kim, T.G., and Chang, S.Y. 2017. Enterovirus 71 infection and vaccines. Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res.6, 4–14.
Zhang, Y., Tan, X., Cui, A., Mao, N., Xu, S., Zhu, Z., Zhou, J., Shi, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, X.et al. 2013. Complete genome analysis of the C4 subgenotype strains of enterovirus 71: predominant recombination C4 viruses persistently circulating in China for 14 years. PLoS One8, e56341.
Acknowledgments
The current study was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (grant no. PJ011835).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Won, Y.J., Kang, L.H., Lee, A.R. et al. Sequence analysis of the first B5 subgenogroup strain of enterovirus 71 isolated in Korea. J Microbiol. 58, 422–429 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9539-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9539-z