HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.005

Human Immunology

Volume 81, Issue 6, June 2020, Pages 265-266

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.005 Get rights and content

Abstract

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).

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Conflict of interest

No confict of interest exits.

Acknowledgements

We thank Aymara population. This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Universities (PI14/01067, PI18/00720 and PI18/00626) and European FEDER funds.

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HLA-DMB alleles and haplotypes in Ecuador (Cuenca) Amerindians: Importance for HLA and disease studies
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HLA-DMB allele frequencies and HLA-DBM-DRB1-DQB1 extended haplotypes were studied for the first time in Amerindians (Cuenca city area, Ecuador). It was found that most common extended haplotypes gathered the most frequent HLA-DRB1 Amerindian alleles. HLA-DMB polymorphism studies may be important to uncover HLA and diseases pathogenesis and also in an extended HLA haplotype frameshift. HLA-DM molecule has a crucial role together with CLIP protein in HLA class II peptide presentation. HLA extended haplotypes including complement and non classical genes alleles are proposed to HLA and disease studies.
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Mexican Mixtec population from coastal Jamiltepec (Oaxaca) Amerindians was studied for its HLA profile. They show genetic characteristics close to Pacific Islanders and other Mexican Isthmus Amerindians (Mazatecans, Zapotecans and Mayas). Interestingly, this coastal Oaxaca Mixtec population is genetically closer to Mazatecans than to Oaxaca Mixtec from mountains according to HLA genes. Mixtec HLA frequent extended haplotype A*24:02-B*35:14-DRB1*16:02 has been also found in Jaidukama North Colombia forest Amerindians and in Guatemala Mayas; A*24:02, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*04:04 and DRB2*16:02 are frequent alleles also common to Pacific Inhabitants. Notwithstanding, Mixtecs show deep cultural and genetic roots with Mesoamerican Amerindians and all of them probably contributed to construct Monte Alban culture around an important Pyramid Complex close to Oaxaca City.
HLA study in Bolivian Quechua Amerindians from Titikaka Lake Area
2020, Human Immunology
Citation Excerpt :
Thirteen different HLA-A alleles and eighteen different HLA-B alleles have been found in Quechuas. Most HLA-A frequent alleles were A*02, A*68 and A*24 (probably A*24:02) [6,7], like it had been found in Aymaras [8,9] (Table 1, Supplementary Material). Similarly to Aymaras, most frequent HLA-B alleles were B*35, B*48 (probably B*48:01) and B*39; in addition B*15 also showed high frequency (14.5%).
Quechua Amerindians established Inca Empire and chose Cuzco as their capital. Their language is closely related to that of Aymara ethnic group and both of them were originated from Titikaka Lake Altiplano area. In the present study we have analyzed Bolivian Quechua HLA profile and found that it has common characters with other Andean and Pacific Amerindians (Uros, Aymaras, Lamas, Mapuches, Athabascan), and Pacific Islanders, including Easter Islanders: relatively high frequency of HLA-A*24 (:02), class II haplotypes DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02, and DRB1*04:03-DQB1* 03:02. Titikaka Lake area prehistoric populations: Quechua, Aymaras and Uros are closely related according to HLA Nei DA genetic distances and other HLA traits: they built up Tiwanaku culture, which resembles that of Easter Island (i.e.: similar giant heads); later, Quechuas also moved to Cuzco. This genetic reletedness together with Easter Island and Titikaka Lake Tiwanaku (Bolivia, Peru) cultural common similarities support a prehistoric Pacific people/Amerindians gene flow.

¹: http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/biolmol.

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Short population reportHLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Abstract

Section snippets

Conflict of interest

Acknowledgements

Eur. J. Med. Genet.

J. Human Evol.

Origin of Aymaras from Bolivia and their relationship with other Amerindians according to HLA genes

Tissue Antigens

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas (South America, Part I)

High- throughput DNA typing of HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 loci by a PCR-SSOP-Luminex method in the Japanese population

Immunogenetics

ARLEQUIN: A Software for Population Genetics Database Analysis

Ancestry of amerindians and its impact in anthropology, transplantation, HLA pharmacogenomics and epidemiology by HLA study in Wiwa Colombian Population

Open Med. J.

Short population report
HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras