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New insights into the trophic ecology of young white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in waters off the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico

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Abstract

White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are described as generalist predators, with a demonstrated ontogenetic dietary shift which occurs between subadult and adult life stages. Trophic ecology studies on white shark have been focused mainly on large and mature individuals, necessitating studies of young white shark trophic ecology to better understand their resource use. This study provides new insights into young white shark diet in the North eastern Pacific Ocean using stable isotope analysis in muscle tissues. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N values of young white shark muscle (n = 21) from Sebastián Vizcaino Bay (SBV) during 2015–2018. We found changes in prey composition across early [neonates, young-of-the-years (YOYs), juveniles] white shark life stages, with significant changes in isotopic composition throughout early ontogeny. Mixing model results indicate a high use of coastal areas for foraging, mainly for juvenile stages and the substantial contribution of pelagic preys (e.g., S. japonicus, Prionotus spp., Cynoscion spp., S. sagax, etc.) in YOYs, white shark diet also indicates an important role of offshore foraging. This change in isotopic composition likely represents the shift from the embryo’s typical maternally derived isotopic signature, incorporated in offshore foraging regions, to the postpartum isotopic composition incorporated by foraging neonates in inshore nursery habitats. This study provides relevant information regarding young white shark feeding preferences, reinforces the importance of coastal areas as critical habitat for the development and the successful foraging of this species, and also provides indirect insights on the feeding habits of the adult female of white sharks, which constitutes a baseline for further research.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Programa Tiburón of the Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera de Ensenada (CRIP—Ensenada) supported sampling in Laguna Manuela; The Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), the Proyecto Tiburones y Rayas of the Fish Ecology Laboratory in CICIMAR for help with experimental infrastructure; The Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CONACYT, BEIFI, COFAA, EDI, and SIP Project 20150355, 20164779, and 20181417) and WWF-Fundación Slim provided fellowships that made this research possible. We thank all the team of the “Great White Shark Babies” show produced by Discovery Channel Shark Week for the support during sampling collection and to fund part of the field work. We are especially indebted to the fishermen communities of Bahía Tortugas, Laguna Manuela, and Isla Cedros, who supported sampling for this project. FREV and FGM thank Instituto Politécnico Nacional for the support received through the Contracting Excellence Program and Fellowship EDI and COFAA. We would like to thank the contribution of two reviewers whose comments improved our work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n., C.P., 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

    Elena Tamburin, Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken, Alberto Sánchez-González & Felipe Galván-Magaña

  2. Fundación Alium Pacific, Carrera 26 No. 5C–13, Cali, Colombia

    Elena Tamburin & Colombo Estupiñan-Montaño

  3. Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Daniel J. Madigan

  4. Pelagios-Kakunjá A.C, Sinaloa 1540. Col. Las Garzas, C.P., 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

    Mauricio Hoyos Padilla

  5. Fins Attached: Marine Research and Conservation 19675, Still Glen Drive, Colorado Springs, CO, 80908, USA

    Mauricio Hoyos Padilla

  6. Michigan State University Museum, 409 W Circle Dr, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Michelle Wcisel

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Contributions

ET conceived the experiment and data curation, analyzed and interpreted data, and wrote and edited the manuscript. CEM, FEV, DJM, and ASG co-wrote the manuscript and contributing to formal analysis and interpretation of results. MHP and MW contributed to field work and data collection. All authors edited draft versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Felipe Galván-Magaña.

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All sampling process and experimental procedures in this study were performed complying with Mexican legislation.

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Tamburin, E., Elorriaga-Verplancken, F.R., Estupiñan-Montaño, C. et al. New insights into the trophic ecology of young white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in waters off the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Mar Biol 167, 55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-3660-8

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