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Ectoparasites of small mammals in a fragmented area of the southern Amazonia: interaction networks and correlations with seasonality and host sex

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Abstract

The present work aimed to analyze the ectoparasite-host interaction network and possible differences of this interaction related to two seasonal periods and host sex. During November 2016 and July 2017, non-flying small mammals were captured in 17 forest fragments located in the southern portion of the Amazon biome. We captured 96 individuals belonging to 10 host species that were parasitized with a total of 3668 ectoparasites. Overall, we identified 24 ectoparasite taxa belonging to the mite and insect groups Ixodida (ticks), Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Trombidiformes (mites), Phthiraptera (lice), and Siphonaptera (fleas). The interaction network between all ectoparasites and hosts showed significant deviation from random, with moderately high specialization index (H2′ = 0.80). There was seasonal difference in prevalence for Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) sensu stricto (s.s), Amblyomma coelebs Neumann and larvae of Amblyomma. This difference was also found in the mean intensity of infestation of Amblyomma larvae and the mite Tur aragaoi (Fonseca). Only mean intensity of infestation differed in relation to host sex for the species Marmosa constantiae Thomas. Our results demonstrate that specificity between ectoparasites and small mammals in this region is moderately high and that the pattern of aggregation of some ectoparasite taxa differed between two seasons, as well as between sexes in M. constantiae.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (process #447557/2014-9 and #310352/2016), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso—FAPEMAT (process #477017/2011. The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Luiz Valdenir Pinheiro da Silva, owner of the Farm São Simão, for logistic support during field work; Jeison Lisboa, João Pedro M. Bottan, Juliana Volpe, Juliane Saldanha, Lorena Amorim, Luan G. L. Silva, Mariene Torres, Ricardo Firmino and Vinícius Terres for their valuable help during field sampling of small mammals; and the taxidermist Elton Pinho for preparation of specimens.

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  1. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil

    Ravena F. B. de Mendonça & Rogério V. Rossi

  2. Centro de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil

    Lúcia A. F. Mateus

  3. Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil

    Ana C. Colle, Leodil C. Freitas & Richard C. Pacheco

  4. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva E Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brasil

    Thiago F. Martins

  5. Universidade Federal do Vale do Rio São Francisco, Campus de Ciências Agrárias. CMVET, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543 - Projeto de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, s/n, Petrolina, PE, 56300990, Brasil

    Maurício C. Horta & Glauber M. B. Oliveira

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Correspondence to Ravena F. B. de Mendonça.

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de Mendonça, R.F.B., Colle, A.C., Freitas, L.C. et al. Ectoparasites of small mammals in a fragmented area of the southern Amazonia: interaction networks and correlations with seasonality and host sex. Exp Appl Acarol 81, 117–134 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00491-5

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