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Assessment of indoor air pollutant concentrations and emissions from natural gas cooking burners in residential buildings in Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

The effect of natural gas cooking burner usage on time-dependent concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) in homes in Tehran was estimated using a mass balance model. The outdoor air concentrations were considered the only background sources of indoor concentrations of CO and NO2, and indoor concentration of HCHO was calculated without considering any background sources. The contributions of the natural gas cooking burner use to the indoor concentrations of CO and NO2 in the residential buildings were significantly affected by season and municipal region and estimated to be 13% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8–42) and 26% (15–45), respectively. The annual average indoor concentrations of CO, NO2, and HCHO in the residential buildings were 3431 (2308–6863), 87 (56–169), and 3 (1–20) μg/m3, respectively. Although the average indoor concentrations of all the pollutants were within the permissible range, the upper limits of 95% UI of 24-h average CO and 1-h average NO2 concentrations were higher than the WHO guidelines in 41% and 25% of the cases, respectively. The most efficient measures for control of people’s high exposure to the pollutants from natural gas burners were determined to be partial or total replacement of natural gas burners with electric burners, using the range hood during cooking, reducing frequency and duration of natural gas burner, optimizing ventilation rate, and increasing people awareness about air pollutants emitted by natural gas burners that should be taken with more consideration.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The authors would like to thank the staff of School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, for their collaboration in this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sama Amirkhani Ardeh, Shokooh Sadat Khaloo, Reza Gholamnia, Mehrnoosh Abtahi & Reza Saeedi

  2. Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sama Amirkhani Ardeh, Shokooh Sadat Khaloo, Reza Gholamnia & Reza Saeedi

  3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrnoosh Abtahi

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  1. Sama Amirkhani Ardeh
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Amirkhani Ardeh, S., Khaloo, S.S., Gholamnia, R. et al. Assessment of indoor air pollutant concentrations and emissions from natural gas cooking burners in residential buildings in Tehran, Iran. Air Qual Atmos Health 13, 409–420 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00804-y

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