Abstract
Precision biotechnologies have appeared on the horizon resulting in a plethora of possibilities to modify the genome of different organisms with relatively easy application, low cost, and high precision. These technologies make it possible to work with a very simple biological system and have great potential for medicine, and agriculture. Latin American is embracing the technology and researchers are already developing tropical products from its use. The following article explains the operation of these technologies, and some considerations about its regulation among counties in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Survey results demonstrated that seven countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, and Paraguay) have a clearly defined and operational legal framework for new breeding technologies. Nevertheless, the majority of countries in the region have no experience regarding these technologies and lack legal clarity. Therefore, these countries require regulatory clarity to legally differentiate those products of gene editing that are comparable to conventional breeding and those that can be legally defined as a genetically modified organism.
Key message
New precision biotechnologies could introduce advantageous traits for the improvement of crops, which could be available for the consumers in Latin America and the Caribbean region very soon. Nevertheless, governments should consider the regulatory framework of genome editing technologies and establish appropriate regulations, if necessary, without representing an obstacle to the commercialization of products derived from them.
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(Adapted from Eriksson et al. 2019)
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Notes
Declaración de los Ministros de Agricultura del Consejo Agropecuario del Sur (CAS) sobre técnicas de edición génica. Comunicación de Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Canadá, los Estados Unidos de América, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, República Dominicana y Uruguay. https://G/Sps/Gen/1658/Rev.3. Accessed 17 July 2019.
Declaración de los Ministros de Agricultura del Consejo Agropecuario del Sur (Cas) sobre técnicas de edición génica. Comunicación de Argentina. https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/DDFDocuments/252340/s/G/SPS/GEN1699.pdf. Accessed 17 July 2019.
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Acknowledgements
This study was financed by the “Espacio de Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad de Costa Rica” (Space for Advanced Studies at the University of Costa Rica) (UCREA; Project No. 801-B7-294). Dr. Andrés Gatica-Arias would like to thank Agustina Whelan (Biotechnology Directorate, Ministry of AgroIndustry, Argentina) and Dr. Efrén Santos-Ordoñez (ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Ecuador) for reviewing the respective country descriptions. Dr. Pedro Rocha (Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), San José, Costa Rica) and Dr. Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira (Instituto Agronómico do Paraná (IAPAR) and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Café), Brazil) for the for proofreading and constructive recommendations on this manuscript.
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Gatica-Arias, A. The regulatory current status of plant breeding technologies in some Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 141, 229–242 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01799-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01799-1