Abstract
AAL toxin, the major virulence factor of Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici, is recognized to cause necrotic cell death in plants. Glutathione (GSH) is a noteworthy participant in plant defence. However, how GSH is involved in regulating the AAL treated cell death is yet to be explored. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0, and previously developed transgenic line AtECS1, were exogenously treated with AAL toxin and a proteomic profile (ProteomeXchange accession: PXD017124) was obtained by nano LC–MS/MS analysis. Few salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) responsive proteins, along with others were identified. Selected SA-responsive genes were noted to be up regulated in AAL treated AtECS1 compared to Col-0 by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR), beside the up regulation of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) and chaperone like heat shock protein (HSP), together with myrosinase. Interestingly, ET biosynthetic and signaling marker genes were down regulated in AAL treated AtECS1 compared to Col-0. Augmentation of SA content and proteins regulated by it, while, reduction of endogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and ET-related proteins was significant in AAL treated AtECS1 compared to Col-0. Collectively, these findings suggested that under necrotrophic attack as mimicked here by AAL treatment, GSH may be involved in resistance primarily by SA-mediated ET suppression in addition to various stress responsive molecules.
Key message
GSH mediated resistance to AAL toxin may be conferred in Arabidopsis by regulating SA and ET pathways along with other stress related molecules to reduce necrotic cell death.
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Abbreviations
- DAPI:
-
4′, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- PCD:
-
Programmed cell death
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- HPLC:
-
High performance liquid chromatography
- LOH2:
-
LAG one homologue 2
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Director, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata for providing the necessary facilities. The authors are thankful to Dr. Arun Bandopadhyay, CSIR-IICB, Kolkata for his help and support to use nano LC–MS/MS facility. The authors would like to acknowledge Science Engineering Research Board (Grant No. EMR/2016/001121) and CSIR (Grant No. 31/02(1098)/2018-EMR-I), New Delhi for financial support.
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AS and SC designed the experiments. AS carried out the experimental and analytical works and drafted the manuscript. PB and KM helped in drafting the manuscripts and also in data analysis. SC supervised the analysis and prepared the final manuscript.
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Sultana, A., Boro, P., Mandal, K. et al. AAL-toxin induced stress in Arabidopsis thaliana is alleviated through GSH-mediated salicylic acid and ethylene pathways. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 141, 299–314 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01787-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01787-5