Abstract
The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano produced numerous infrasound signals over 9 months that were recorded on six Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) arrays at ranges of 59 to over 800 km from the volcano. The lack of geophysical monitoring near Bogoslof and the repeated production of volcanic clouds to flight levels made monitoring by remote infrasound critical during the eruption; for the first time, AVO relied extensively on automated infrasound detections from regional arrays to dispatch timely notifications of the ongoing activity. Most of the 70 eruptive events were detected on at least one array, but no array detected all of the events mainly because atmospheric conditions were highly variable during the eruption. Acoustic propagation modeling helps explain some of the variation in array detections but also highlights limitations in regional propagation models. To our knowledge, this is the first example of well-recorded infrasound from an explosive eruption occurring in shallow seawater, providing extensive insights into eruption dynamics in this unique environment. The dominance of low-frequency infrasound (0.1–1 Hz) is attributed to eruptions occurring beneath tens of meters of seawater. Higher-frequency infrasound signals were mostly limited to eruptions where the vent was isolated from major interaction with seawater or in several cases where a lava dome grew above sea level.
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Acknowledgments
Initial observations and data gathering during the eruption response were performed by a large team at AVO, which is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. Data used in this study are available at the IRIS-DMC. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Silvio De Angelis, Rebecca Kramer, and an anonymous referee for thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript.
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Editorial responsibility: C. Waythomas; Special Issue Editor N. Fournier
This paper constitutes part of a topical collection: The 2016-17 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska
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Lyons, J.J., Iezzi, A., Fee, D. et al. Infrasound generated by the 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska. Bull Volcanol 82, 19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1355-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1355-0