Chemical constituents from the fruits of Solanum incanum L

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Highlights

  • Nine compounds were isolated from the fruits of Solanum incanum.

  • Eight compounds were obtained from Solanum incanum for the first time.

  • They were steroidal glycoalkaloids, lignans, coumarin glucoside, simple phenolics.

  • A lignan and a coumarin glucosides were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time.

  • Solanum incanum has close chemotaxonomic relationship to other Solanum species.

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Solanum incanum L. resulted in the isolation of nine compounds, including three steroidal glycoalkaloids (1-3), two neolignans (45), two simple phenolics (67), one monoterpene glycoside (8), and one coumarin glucoside (9). The structure elucidation of isolated compounds was determined based on NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 4 and 9 were isolated for the first time from the genus Solanum and their chemotaxonomic significance was discussed.

Section snippets

Subject and source

The genus Solanum is regarded to be one of the largest among the Angiosperms and the most representative and largest genus of the family Solanaceae (Kaunda and Zhang, 2019). It is comprised of about 1500 species distributed across subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, tropical Africa, non-arid Africa, Americas, and Australia. Many species belonging to this genus possess a rich repertoire of medicinal, economic, and ornamental importance (Kaunda and Zhang, 2019; Yohara et al., 1996). Within

Previous work

Previous chemical investigations on S. incanum revealed the presence of 16 flavonoids and 2 vitamins from the aerial parts (Lin et al., 2000 et al., 2000 Mwonjora et al., 2014), 4 steroidal glycoalkaloids (Fukuhara et al., 1991; Manase et al., 2012) and 7 spirostanol saponins (Fukuhara et al., 1991; Manase et al., 2012) from the roots, and 2 sterols from fresh berries. In total, 31 compounds had been isolated from the roots and aerial parts of S. incanum, prior to this study.

Present study

This study focused on the fruits of the titled plant. The freeze-dried fruit juice of S. incanum (156 g) was extracted with 95% ethanol (3 × 4 L × 48 h) at room temperature. The extracts were filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure at 45 °C before adding water and partitioning with EtOAc, to afford H2O (42.0 g) and EtOAc (34.0 g) fractions, which were separately subjected to column chromatography (CC) over a Diaion HP-20SS, eluting with MeOH: H2O (0:1 → 1:0) to give six fractions (W1–W6)

Chemotaxonomic significance

The isolated compounds from S. incanum are classified as steroidal alkaloids (13), lignans (45), and simple phenolic compounds (69). Compounds 29 were obtained for the first time from the titled plant. Among them, compounds 5 and 9 are new from the genus Solanum, and are hereby reported from the family Solanaceae for the first time. The family Solanaceae is hallmarked by steroidal alkaloids and steroidal saponins as the main chemical constituents (Kaunda and Zhang, 2019). Lignans too have

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Joseph Sakah Kaunda: Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft. Ying-Jun Zhang: Writing - review & editing, Supervision.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

We are pleased to express our earnest gratitude to members of the analytical center of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, for spectroscopic data measurements. This work was partially supported by the Key Project of Basic Research Plan of Yunnan Province, China (2020FA018?) and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry (S2017-ZZ14).

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