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Food Allergy Insights: A Changing Landscape

  • Review
  • Published:
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis Aims and scope

Abstract

The panorama of food allergies (FA) has changed profoundly in recent years. In light of recent advances in knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms and a greater attention to the multifaceted range of possible clinical manifestations, there is a need for a critical review of past classifications. Changes in nutrition, environment and lifestyles around the world are modifying the global FA epidemiology and new FA phenotypes are also emerging. Furthermore, both biotechnological advances in this field and recent personalized therapies have improved the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to FA. Consequently, both the prevention and clinical management of FA are rapidly changing and new therapeutic strategies are emerging, even revolutionizing the current medical practice. Given the significant increase in the prevalence of FA in recent years, the objective of this review is to provide an updated and complete overview of current knowledge in its etiopathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy, useful not only for a better understanding of this frequent and complex pathology but also for practical guidance in its clinical management.

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Article 05 April 2018

Onyinye I. Iweala, Shailesh K. Choudhary & Scott P. Commins

Abbreviations

FA:

Food allergies

OAS:

Oral allergy syndrome

DBPCFC:

Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge

Treg T:

Regulatory cells

PAF:

Platelet activating factor

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

DCs:

Dendritic cells

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-beta

APCs:

Antigen-presenting cells

TSLP:

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin

IECs:

Intestinal epithelial cells

ILC2s:

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells

OFC:

Oral food challenge

CRD:

Component-resolved diagnostics

BAT:

Basophil activation test

Gp53 or LAMP-3:

Lysosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein-3

FAIT:

Food allergen-specific immunotherapy

PR:

Pathogenesis-related proteins

LTP:

Lipid transfer proteins

OIT:

Oral immunotherapy

EPIT:

Epicutaneous immunotherapy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Massimo De Martinis, Maria Maddalena Sirufo & Lia Ginaldi

  2. Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AUSL 04, Teramo, Italy

    Massimo De Martinis, Maria Maddalena Sirufo & Lia Ginaldi

  3. Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Angelo Viscido

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  1. Massimo De Martinis
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  2. Maria Maddalena Sirufo
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  3. Angelo Viscido
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  4. Lia Ginaldi
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Correspondence to Massimo De Martinis.

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De Martinis, M., Sirufo, M.M., Viscido, A. et al. Food Allergy Insights: A Changing Landscape. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 68, 8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00574-6

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