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New titanite U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os ages for a hydrothermal vein-type Cu deposit in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan, SW China: constraints on regional metallogeny and implications for exploration

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Abstract

The small Kedengjian volcanic rock-hosted hydrothermal vein-type Cu deposit (100,000 t Cu metal content at about 3% Cu) is located in the Lanping Basin, one of several Mesozoic–Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins in the northern part of the Indochina block and in the eastern part of the North Qiangtang block. Many sediment-hosted base metal ore deposits with ages of < 65 Ma, which coincide with the Indian–Asian continental collision or the Himalayan orogeny, are present in these basins and are collectively referred to as the Sanjiang sediment-hosted base metal metallogenic belt. The Kedengjian volcanic rock-hosted hydrothermal vein-type Cu deposit has been commonly regarded as part of the Cenozoic Sanjiang sediment-hosted base metal metallogenic belt. We determined the age of mineralization for the Kedengjian deposit using hydrothermal titanite and molybdenite. The U–Pb ages of the first and second generations of titanite are 107.4 ± 5.6 Ma and 100.1 ± 3.4 Ma (2 σ), respectively. The associated molybdenite yields a Re–Os isochron age of 98.2 ± 2.2 Ma (2 σ) and a mean age of 98.3 ± 2.2 Ma, which are identical (within analytical error) to the U–Pb age of the younger titanite. Our new results indicate that the Kedengjian deposit formed at ~ 100 Ma, much older than the Cenozoic sediment-hosted base metal deposits in the Lanping Basin. This significant age difference dismisses the Kedengjian deposit as a member of the Cenozoic Sanjiang sediment-hosted base metal metallogenic belt. The Kedengjian deposit formed during the Late Cretaceous subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate beneath the previously amalgamated Indochina and North Qiangtang blocks of the Asian continent. On the basis of this tectonic correlation, we suggest that there is potential for pre-Cenozoic hydrothermal Cu mineralization in the region.

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Acknowledgments

Prof. Liang Qi and Dr. Yan-Wen Tang are thanked for their help during molybdenite Re–Os and titanite U–Pb dating, respectively. Profs Chusi Li of Indiana University and Wei Terry Chen of the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are also thanked for useful advice during the preparation of this manuscript. Constructive comments from four anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Prof. Shao-Yong Jiang are greatly appreciated. We especially acknowledge Editor-in-Chief Prof. Bernd Lehmann who provided much insightful guidance and English edits to the manuscript.

Funding

This research was jointly funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB452603), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (XDB18000000), and the Team of the Belt and Road of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; 100 Innovative Talents of Guizhou Province, China, funding awarded to Xian-Wu Bi, and National Science Foundation of China (41703047, 41973047) funding awarded to Yong-Yong Tang.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Juan Li, Lei-Luo Xu, Xian-Wu Bi, Yong-Yong Tang, Xiang-Yuan Sheng, Gong Liu & Rui Ma

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Juan Li, Xiang-Yuan Sheng, Gong Liu & Rui Ma

  3. MLR Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Yunnan Geological Survey, Kunming, 650051, China

    Hai-Jun Yu

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  1. Juan Li
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Supplementary Fig. 1

Hand-specimen photographs of ore samples (A–C) and photomicrographs showing the main hydrothermal alteration and associated mineral assemblages (D–H) present within the Kedengjian deposit. Image A show a typical veined Cu mineralization containing a Bn + Ccp + Qz + Carbonate assemblage. Image B shows typical vein-hosted Mo ore containing a Mol + Ccp + Qz + Carbonate assemblage, which is crosscut by post-ore mineral assemblage. Image C shows the syn-ore mineral assemblage crosscuts the pre-ore mineral assemblage. Images D–E show the common alteration of the host rocks and occurrence of Ttn in the pre-ore stage. Images F–H show Chl, Ep and Ms. alterations and associated Cu-mineralization in the syn-ore stage. Abbreviations: Ms.: muscovite; Chl: chlorite; Ep: epidote; Qz: quartz; Cal: calcite; Ttn: titanite; Ccp: chalcopyrite; Bn: bornite; Cct: chalcocite; Mol: molybdenite. (JPG 2098 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

Titanite U–Pb isotopic and compositional data for the Kedengjian deposit. (XLSX 100 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Summary of the timing of formation of sediment-hosted base metal deposits within the Sanjiang sediment-hosted base metal metallogenic belt. (XLSX 139 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Summary of zircon U–Pb ages for ~250–20 Ma granitoids within the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes and the western Yunnan (Tengchong, Baoshan) area. (XLSX 495 kb)

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Li, J., Xu, LL., Bi, XW. et al. New titanite U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os ages for a hydrothermal vein-type Cu deposit in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan, SW China: constraints on regional metallogeny and implications for exploration. Miner Deposita 56, 441–456 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00973-x

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