Abstract
A convenient method based on microwave-assisted hydrothermal extraction coupled to ion chromatography was proposed for comprehensive analysis of chemical composition in biological samples. Water was used as extraction solvent and a small amount of alkali or a small volume of acid was served as modifier to improve extraction efficiency. Factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated using multi-response optimization method on the base of the Derringer’s desirability function. Owing to the specific role of microwave irradiation, the approach could greatly shorten sample treatment time, leading to high sample throughput. The lowest limits of quantification of procedure were 0.02 mg L−1 for F−, NO3− and cations, and 0.04 mg L−1 for five anions, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 85.7 to 110.0% with the relative standard deviations in the range of 0.95–4.6%. The strategy was successfully applied to the determination of elemental species of both an inorganic and organic nature in vesical, renal, and urethral stones. Thirteen compounds in human stone were accurately diagnosed resulting from elemental speciation in calculi could be well maintained in the extraction process. The proposed protocol could achieve batch samples pretreatment and provided a powerful tool for the analysis of intracorporeal calculi, which would be very beneficial for therapy and prevention recurrence of stone-forming patient.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Neisius A, Preminger GM (2013) Stones in 2012: epidemiology, prevention and redefining therapeutic standards. Nat Rev Urol 10(2):75–77
Bazin D, Daudon M, Combes C, Rey C (2012) Characterization and some physicochemical aspects of pathological microcalcifications. Chem Rev 112(10):5092–5120
Manzoor MAP, Mujeeburahiman M, Rekha PD (2019) Electron probe micro-analysis reveals the complexity of mineral deposition mechanisms in urinary stones. Urolithiasis 47:137–148
Skolarikos A, Straub M, Knoll T, Sarica K, Seitz C, Petřík A, Türk C (2015) Metabolic evaluation and recurrence prevention for urinary stone patients: EAU Guidelines. Eur Urol 67(4):750–763
Zhang GMY, Sun H, Xue HD, Xiao H, Zhang XB, Jin ZY (2016) Prospective prediction of the major component of urinary stone composition with dual-source dual-energy CT in vivo. Clin Radiol 71(11):1178–1183
Hidas G, Eliahou R, Duvdevani M, Coulon P, Lemaitre L, Gofrit ON, Pode D, Sosna J (2010) Determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy CT: in vivo analysis and comparison with X-ray diffraction. Radiology 257(2):394–401
Ma R, Luo X, Li Q, Zhong H (2017) The systematic classification of urinary stones combine-using FTIR and SEM-EDAX. Int J Surg 41:150–161
Jarolímová Z, Lubal P, Kanický V (2012) Analysis of renal stones by capillary isotachophoresis. Talanta 98:49–53
Yusenko EV, Kapsargin FP, Nesterenko PN (2014) Determination of fluoride ions in urinary stones by ion chromatography. J Anal Chem 69(5):474–479
Rathee N, Garg P, Pundir CS (2004) Correlative study of fluoride content in urine, serum and urinary calculi. Indian J Clin Biochem 19(2):100–102
Panahi T, Weaver DJ, Lamb JD, Harrison RG (2015) Separation of uremic toxins from urine with resorcinarene-based ion chromatography columns. J chromatogr A 1376:105–111
Niu ZL, Zhang WW, Yu CW, Zhang J, Wen YY (2018) Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 102:123–146
Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML, Plaza M (2017) Water as green extraction solvent: principles and reasons for its use. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 5:31–36
Plaza M, Turner C (2015) Pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives. Trends Anal Chem 71:39–54
Štěpánková K, Novotný K, Galiová MV, Kanický V, Kaiser J, Hahn DW (2013) Laser ablation methods for analysis of urinary calculi: comparison study based on calibration pellets. Spectrochim Acta Part B 81:43–49
Bystrzanowska M, Tobiszewski M (2019) Multi-objective optimization of microextraction procedures. Trends Anal Chem 116:266–273
Vinatoru M, Mason TJ, Calinescu I (2017) Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of functional compounds from plant materials. Trends Anal Chem 97:159–178
Brent LC, Reiner JL, Dickerson RR, Sander LC (2014) Method for characterization of low molecular weight organic acids in atmospheric aerosols using ion chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 86(15):7328–7336
Petucci C, Zelenin A, Culver JA, Gabriel M, Kirkbride K, Christison TT, Gardell SJ (2016) Use of ion chromatography/mass spectrometry for targeted metabolite profiling of polar organic acids. Anal Chem 88(23):11799–11803
Furey A, Moriarty M, Bane V, Kinsella B, Lehane M (2013) Ion suppression; a critical review on causes, evaluation, prevention and applications. Talanta 115:104–122
Chung J, Taylor MG, Granja I, Asplin JR, Mpourmpakis G, Rimer JD (2018) Factors differentiating the effectiveness of polyprotic acids as inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization in kidney stone disease. Cryst Growth Des 18:5617–5627
Carpentier X, Daudon M, Traxer O, Jungers P, Mazouyes A, Matzen G, Véron E, Bazin D (2009) Relationships between carbonation rate of carbapatite and morphologic characteristics of calcium phosphate stones and etiology. Urol 73(5):968–975
Phillips R, Hanchanale VS, Myatt A, Somani B, Nabi G, Biyani CS (2015) Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults. Cochrane DB Syst Rev 10:1–44
Aggarwal KP, Tandon S, Naik PK, Singh SK, Tandon C (2013) Novel antilithiatic cationic proteins from human calcium oxalate renal stone matrix identified by MALDI-TOF-MS endowed with cytoprotective potential: An insight into the molecular mechanism of urolithiasis. Clin Chim Acta 415:181–190
Prywer J, Mielniczek-Brzoska E (2019) Formation of poorly crystalline and amorphous precipitate, a component of infectious urinary stones-role of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Cryst Growth Des 19:1048–1056
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge grants supported by the Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. A 2018029). We would like to thank Gouqun He and Dr. Xin Li for their contributions to surface morphology scanning of samples.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and was performed in accordance with its guidelines. The participants gave the informed consent before donating their calculuses.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhong, Z., Li, G., Huang, X. et al. Development of Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Extraction Coupled to Ion Chromatography for Comprehensive Analysis of Chemical Composition in Intracorporeal Stone. Chromatographia 83, 663–675 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03883-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03883-2