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UAV Communication Networks Issues: A Review

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Abstract

The unmanned aerial vehicle communication networks (UAVCN) comprises of a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to build a network that can be used for many applications. These nodes autonomously fly in free space in ad-hoc mode to carry out the mission. However, the UAVs face some challenging issues during collaboration and communication. These nodes have high speed, hence the communication links fail to route the traffic that affects the routing mechanism. Therefore, UAVCN communication affecting the quality of service and facing the performance issue. Power is another major problem to limit and optimize the use of power, the energy-efficient mechanism is needed. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the issues of unmanned aerial vehicle communication networks: UAVCN characteristics, UAVCN design issues, UAVCN applications, routing protocols, quality of service, power issue and identify the future open research areas which could be considered for further research to explore the UAVCN technology.

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Abbreviations

AGPS:

Assisted GPS/Assisted global positioning system

ACM:

Association for Computing Machinery

AODV:

Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing

AP:

Access points

AU:

Application units

BTS:

Base transceiver station

BTS:

Busy to send

CARUS:

Cooperative autonomous reconfigurable UAV swarm

CTS:

Clear to send

DARPA:

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DDE:

Disaster damage estimation

DGPS:

Differential GPS/Differential global positioning system

DOLSR:

Directional optimized link state routing protocol

DSR:

Dynamic source routing

FANET:

Flying adhoc networks

GHz:

Giga Hertz

GPS:

Global positioning system

IBN:

Infrastructure based networks

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

ILN:

Infrastructure less networks

ITS:

Intelligent transportation system

LAN:

Local area network

LODMAC:

Location-oriented directional MAC protocol for FANET

LoS:

Line of sight

MANET:

Mobile adhoc networks

MBPS:

Mega bits per second

MN:

Mobile node

MS:

Master station

NLoS:

Non line of sight

OBU:

On borad units

OLSR:

Optimized link state routing protocol

PPRZM:

Paparazzi mobility model

RSU:

Road side units

RTS:

Request to send

SCN:

Self configured network

UAV:

Unmanned aerial vehicle

UAVs:

Unmanned aerial vehicles

UAVCN:

Unmanned aerial vehicle communication network

UAVNET:

Unmanned aerial vehicle networks

VANET:

Vehicular adhoc networks

Wi-Fi:

Wireless fidelity

WiMax:

Worldwide interoperability for microwave access

WMN:

Wireless mesh networks

WSN:

Wireless sensor

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this article would like to acknowledge the unconditional and continued support, in terms of providing resources and encouraging environment, of SZABIST. Authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which certainly helped in the improvement of the manuscript. Lastly, they are grateful to the Editor of Journal Archives of Computational Method in Engineering for providing a platform for publishing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, Pakistan

    Haque Nawaz & Husnain Mansoor Ali

  2. Department of Computer Science, Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU), Karachi, Pakistan

    Haque Nawaz & Asif Ali Laghari

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  1. Haque Nawaz
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Nawaz, H., Ali, H.M. & Laghari, A.A. UAV Communication Networks Issues: A Review. Arch Computat Methods Eng 28, 1349–1369 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09418-0

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