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Predicting distributional shifts of commercially important seaweed species in the Subantarctic tip of South America under future environmental changes

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Abstract

Shifts in species distributions are among the observed consequences of climate change, forcing species to follow suitable environmental conditions. Using species distribution models (SDMs), we aimed at predicting trends in habitat shifts of two seaweed species of commercial interest in the Subantarctic Patagonian region in response to ongoing environmental changes across temperate South America and worldwide. We gathered occurrence data from direct, on-site visual, and taxonomic identification (2009–2018) from global databases of species occurrence and from the scientific literature. We built the SDMs selecting putative predictors of biological relevance to Lessonia flavicans and Gigartina skottsbergii. We calibrated the SDMs using MaxEnt and GLMs for model evaluation, splitting our occurrence datasets into two parts: for model training and for model testing. The models were projected to future climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway: RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) to examine trends in shifting habitat suitability for each species. Maximum sea surface temperature was the main predictor variable, followed by minimum nitrate concentration, explaining both species’ distributional shift across Subantarctic shorelines by the year 2050. Projection of the SDM for each species under altered environmental conditions to 30–40 years into the future resulted in a south poleward shift with a reduction in habitat range for both species. Such responses would threaten their persistence, local marine species richness, biodiversity, ecological function, and thereby, the commercial and ecosystem services provided by L. flavicans and G. skottsbergii in Subantarctic South America.

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Funding

Funding was provided by Chile’s Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT/National Funding for Scientific and Technological Development) Program, grant #1180433 and grant #1140940 of the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT in Spanish), as well as provided by CONICYT’s Program for Investigación Asociativa (PIA CCTE AFB170008 – Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Chile). We thank the graduate scholarships by IEB of the Millennium Scientific Initiative (ICM in Spanish) granted to FM, JPR, SR, and JM, grant #P05-002 ICM and #PFB-23-2008 ICM. We give especial thanks to Cruceros Australis S.A. for their cruise ships’ logistic-transportation support to reach the study sites, as well as Ernesto Davis and Mathias Hüne (Centre ICEA) for their on-site assistance throughout the study.

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  1. Silvia Murcia and Pablo Riul contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Marine Ecosystems (LEMAS), Dept. of Sciences, University of Magallanes, 6200000, Punta Arenas, Chile

    Silvia Murcia, Fabio Mendez, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Sebastian Rosenfeld, Jaime Ojeda, Johanna Marambio & Andrés Mansilla

  2. Dept. of Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58059-900, Brazil

    Pablo Riul

  3. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), University of Chile, Ñuñoa, 7750000, Santiago, Chile

    Fabio Mendez, Juan Pablo Rodriguez, Sebastian Rosenfeld & Andrés Mansilla

  4. Dept. of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada

    Jaime Ojeda

  5. Dept. of Marine Botany, Universität Bremen, Postfach 330 440, D -, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    Johanna Marambio

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  1. Silvia Murcia
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Murcia, S., Riul, P., Mendez, F. et al. Predicting distributional shifts of commercially important seaweed species in the Subantarctic tip of South America under future environmental changes. J Appl Phycol 32, 2105–2114 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02084-6

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