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Current Concepts in the Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures

  • Other Pain (AD Kaye and N Vadivelu, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This comprehensive review of current concepts in the management of vertebral compression fractures is a manuscript of vertebral augmentation literature of risk factors, clinical presentation, and management. The objective of this review is to compare outcomes between multiple augmentation techniques and ongoing discussions of effectiveness of vertebral augmentation procedures.

Recent Findings

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a prevalent disease affecting approximately 1.5 million US adults annually. VCFs can cause severe physical limitations, including back pain, functional disability, and progressive kyphosis of the thoracic spine that ultimately results in decreased appetite, poor nutrition, impaired pulmonary function, and spinal cord compression with motor and sensory deficits. The deconditioning that affects patients with vertebral compression fractures leads to mortality at a far higher rate than age-matched controls. The management of vertebral compression fractures has been extensively discussed with opponents arguing in favor or restricting conservative management and against augmentation, while proponents argue in favor of augmentation. The literature is well established in reference to the effects on mortality when patients undergo treatment with vertebral augmentation; in over a million patients with vertebral compression fractures treated with vertebral augmentation as compared with patients treated with non-surgical management, the patients receiving augmentation performed well with a decrease in morbidity and mortality.

Summary

Summary of the literature review shows that understanding the risk factors, appropriate clinical evaluation, and management strategies are crucial. Analysis of the evidence shows, based on level I and II studies, balloon kyphoplasty had significantly better and vertebroplasty tended to have better pain reduction compared with non-surgical management. In addition, balloon kyphoplasty tended to have better height restoration than vertebroplasty.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Funding

The funding was provided by internal resources.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Creighton University School of Medicine-Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Dylan Hoyt

  2. Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Ivan Urits

  3. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Vwaire Orhurhu & Mariam Salisu Orhurhu

  4. University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Jessica Callan & Jordan Powell

  5. Pain Management Centers of America, Paducah, KY, USA

    Laxmaiah Manchikanti

  6. Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Alan D. Kaye & Rachel J. Kaye

  7. Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Omar Viswanath

  8. Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA

    Omar Viswanath

  9. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Omar Viswanath

Authors
  1. Dylan Hoyt
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  2. Ivan Urits
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  3. Vwaire Orhurhu
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  4. Mariam Salisu Orhurhu
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  5. Jessica Callan
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  6. Jordan Powell
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  7. Laxmaiah Manchikanti
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  8. Alan D. Kaye
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  9. Rachel J. Kaye
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  10. Omar Viswanath
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivan Urits.

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Conflict of Interest

Dylan Hoyt, Ivan Urits, Vwaire Orhurhu, Mariam Salisu Orhurhu, Jessica Callan, Jordan Powell, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Rachel J. Kaye, and Omar Viswanath declare no conflict of interest.

Alan Kaye is a Section Editor for Current Headache and Pain Reports. He has not been involved in the editorial handling of this manuscript. Dr. Kaye is also a speaker for Merck.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Pain

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Hoyt, D., Urits, I., Orhurhu, V. et al. Current Concepts in the Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures. Curr Pain Headache Rep 24, 16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-020-00849-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-020-00849-9

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