Abstract
Shallow landslides have posed significant threats to humans around the world. In order to reduce landslide disaster risk, the effectiveness of early warning systems and hazard zonation work needs to be improved. This research attempted to couple a landslide simulation model (LS-RAPID model) and a hydrological model (Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model) to exploit the advantages of each model for simulating and predicting landslide hazard (location and timing). The pilot area is a small catchment where a shallow landslide happened in July 2015 after 2 days of heavy rain. The landslide buried 3 houses and killed 8 people in Cao Thang Ward, Halong City, Vietnam. A soil sample was collected from the sliding surface and tested using an undrained ring-shear apparatus ICL-2 in the undrained condition. A thickness map of the potential sliding material was interpolated from the relationship between the depth of sandy soil layer and slope (based on 12 soil drill locations) and updated through field surveys in the study area. Different pore water pressure ratio scenarios were applied in the LS-RAPID model to simulate in 3D the initiation and motion of the rapid shallow landslide to create different hazard maps. The subsurface water level was monitored at two locations on the top of the shallow landslide. Based on the observed subsurface water and rainfall data, the RRI model was calibrated and then integrated with the LS-RAPID scenarios to generate Risk Index maps. The simulation results from the newly proposed coupled hydrological-geotechnical framework were compared with those from the observed landslide hazard and showed the reliability to predict the spatial and temporal occurrence of landslide hazard. This could be very useful for supporting decision-makers in rainfall-induced landslide hazard early warning and land use planning.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are immensely grateful to Dr. Le Quoc Hung (Northwestern Geological Division—General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, MONRE); colleagues from Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, MONRE; and Dr. Tran The Viet (Thuy Loi University) for their support and valuable comments on this study. Special thanks go to the Vietnam Institute of Transport Science and Technology for their support of the field investigation and soil sample collection. The authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that improved this paper.
Funding
This work is a part of the State-Funded Landslide Project (SFLP) “Investigation, assessment and warning zonation for landslides in the mountainous regions of Vietnam.” The research was also financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) and the Japan-ASEAN Science, Technology and Innovation Platform (JASTIP). This research contributes to the Sendai Landslide Partnerships (former ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships) 2015–2025 in which Deputy Minister Nguyen Linh Ngoc of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MONRE) signed on 31 May 2017 during the Fourth World Landslide Forum. The Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), MONRE, has joined the partnership on 16 March 2015 as a member of the International Consortium on Landslides.
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Ha, N.D., Sayama, T., Sassa, K. et al. A coupled hydrological-geotechnical framework for forecasting shallow landslide hazard—a case study in Halong City, Vietnam. Landslides 17, 1619–1634 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01385-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01385-8