Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Survey on Mobile Agent Itinerary Planning for Information Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), mobile agent (MA) is a new paradigm that has gained more attention lately. In this paradigm, MA migrates among sensor nodes (SNs) for data fusion. However, in comparison to traditional client/server paradigm; where each SN in the network sends its collected data to the sink, MA presents a good alternative in terms of energy consumption, response time and network lifetime. In this paradigm, the most critical properties of MA is the itinerary planning, it has always been an issue and a NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present a survey of the proposed itinerary planning approaches for MAs in WSNs. MA itinerary planning techniques can be classified into three categories: static itinerary planning, dynamic itinerary planning and hybrid itinerary planing. The benefits and shortcomings of different MA itinerary planning approaches are presented. Furthermore, we implement, simulate and compare the most prominent itinerary planning algorithms upon a common parameter space, making realistic network-level assumptions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akkaya K, Younis M (2005) A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw 3(3):325–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2003.09.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw 38(4):393–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Alonso RS, García O, Zato C, Gil O, De la Prieta F (2010) Intelligent agents and wireless sensor networks: a healthcare telemonitoring system. In: Demazeau Y, Dignum F, Corchado JM, Bajo J, Corchuelo R, Corchado E, Fernández-Riverola F, Julián VJ, Pawlewski P, Campbell A (eds) Trends in practical applications of agents and multiagent systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 429–436

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Brustoloni JC (1999) Autonomous agents: characterization and requirements

  5. Cabri G, Leonardi L, Zambonelli F (2018) Weak and strong mobility in mobile agent applications. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference and exhibition on the practical application of Java (PA JAVA 2000), Manchester (UK)

  6. Chen M, Cai W, Gonzalez S, Leung VCM (2010) Balanced Itinerary planning for multiple mobile agents in wireless sensor networks. In: Zheng J, Simplot-Ryl D, Leung VCM (eds) Ad Hoc networks. ADHOCNETS 2010. Lecture notes of the institute for computer sciences, social informatics and telecommunications engineering, vol 49. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chen M, Gonzalez S, Leung VCM (2007) Applications and design issues for mobile agents in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Wireless Commun 14(6):20–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2007.4407223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen M, Gonzalez S, Zhang Y, Leung VCM (2009) Multi-agent Itinerary planning for wireless sensor networks. Springer, Berlin, pp 584–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10625-5_37

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen M, Gonzalez-Valenzuela S, Leung VCM (2010) Directional source grouping for multi-agent itinerary planning in wireless sensor networks. In: 2010 International conference on information and communication technology convergence (ICTC), pp 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC.2010.5674660

  10. Chen M, Kwon T, Yuan Y, Choi Y, Leung VCM (2007) Mobile agent-based directed diffusion in wireless sensor networks. EURASIP J Appl Signal Process 2007(1):219–219. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/36871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen M, Yang LT, K T, Zhou L, J M (2011) Itinerary planning for energ efficient agent communications in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 3290–3299

  12. Chess D, Harrison C, Kershenbaum A (1997) Mobile agents: are they a good idea? In: Vitek J, Tschudin C (eds) Mobile object systems towards the programmable internet. MOS 1996. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1222. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dhand G, Tyagi S (2016) Data aggregation techniques in wsn:survey. Procedia computer science. In: 2nd international conference on intelligent computing, communication and convergence, ICCC 2016, 24–25 January 2016, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 92:378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.393

  14. Dong M, Ota K, Yang LT, Chang S, Zhu H, Zhou Z (2014) Mobile agent-based energy-aware and user-centric data collection in wireless sensor networks. Comput Netw 74, Part B:58–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.06.019 Special Issue on Mobile Computing for Content/Service-Oriented Networking Architecture

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. El Fissaoui M, Beni-Hssane A, Saadi M (2017) Energy aware hybrid scheme of client-server and mobile agent models for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In: Abraham A, Haqiq A, Alimi AM, Mezzour G, Rokbani N, Muda AK (eds) Proceedings of the 16th international conference on hybrid intelligent systems (HIS 2016). Springer, Cham, pp 227–232

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. El Fissaoui M, Beni-Hssane A, Saadi M (2017) Mobile agent protocol based energy aware data aggregation for wireless sensor networks. Procedia Computer Science 113:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.08.279. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917316885. The 8th international conference on emerging ubiquitous systems and pervasive networks (EUSPN 2017)/The 7th international conference on current and future trends of information and communication technologies in healthcare (ICTH-2017)/affiliated workshops

  17. El Fissaoui M, Beni-Hssane A, Saadi M (2018) Energy efficient and fault tolerant distributed algorithm for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-0704-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. El Fissaoui M, Beni-hssane A, Saadi M (2018) Multi-mobile agent itinerary planning-based energy and fault aware data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. EURASIP J Wireless Commun Netw 2018(1):92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1099-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ferrari G, Martalò M, Abrardo A (2014) Information fusion in wireless sensor networks with source correlation. Information Fusion 15:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2012.09.001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156625351200084X. Special Issue: Resource Constrained Networks

  20. Fok C, Roman G, Lu C (2005) Mobile agent middleware for sensor networks: an application case study. In: IPSN 2005. Fourth international symposium on information processing in sensor networks, 2005, pp 382–387. https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN.2005.1440953

  21. Franklin S, Graesser A (1997) Is it an agent, or just a program?: a taxonomy for autonomous agents. In: In Intelligent Agents III. Springer

  22. Fuggetta A, Picco GP, Vigna G (1998) Understanding code mobility. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 24(5):342–361. https://doi.org/10.1109/32.685258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gavalas D, Venetis IE, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G (2017) Mobile agent itinerary planning for wsn data fusion: considering multiple sinks and heterogeneous networks. Int J Commun Syst 30(8):3184. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gavalas D, Venetis IE, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G (2016) Energy-efficient multiple itinerary planning for mobile agents-based data aggregation in wsns. Telecommun Syst 63(4):531–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-016-0140-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gupta GP, Misra M, Garg K (2012) Multiple mobile agents based data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Meghanathan N, Chaki N, Nagamalai D (eds) Advances in computer science and information technology. Networks and communications. Springer, Berlin, pp 334–345

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Gupta GP, Misra M, Garg K (2014) Energy and trust aware mobile agent migration protocol for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. J Netw Comput Appl 41:300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2014.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gupta GP, Misra M, Garg K (2017) Towards scalable and load-balanced mobile agents-based data aggregation for wireless sensor networks. Comput Electr Eng 64:262–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.10.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Iabbassen D, Moussaoui S (2015) Data dissemination protocols in wireless sensor networks client/server versus mobile agent paradigms. In: Fifth international conference on the innovative computing technology (INTECH 2015), pp 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTECH.2015.7173477

  29. Intanagonwiwat C, Govindan R, Estrin D, Heidemann J, Silva F (2003) Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 11(1):2–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2002.808417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Johansen D, van Renesse R, Schneider FB (1995) Operating system support for mobile agents. In: Proceedings 5th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-V), pp 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/HOTOS.1995.513452

  31. Konstantopoulos C, Mpitziopoulos A, Gavalas D, Pantziou G (2010) Effective determination of mobile agent itineraries for data aggregation on sensor networks. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 22(12):1679–1693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Krishnan D (2015) A distributed self-adaptive intrusion detection system for mobile ad-hoc networks using tamper evident mobile agents. Procedia Computer Science 46:1203–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.01.034. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915000356. Proceedings of the international conference on information and communication technologies, ICICT 2014, 3–5 December 2014 at Bolgatty Palace and Island Resort. Kochi, India

  33. Lange DB, Oshima M (1999) Seven good reasons for mobile agents. Commun ACM 42(3):88–89. https://doi.org/10.1145/295685.298136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Pediaditakis D, Tselishchev Y, Boulis A (2010) Performance and scalability evaluation of the castalia wireless sensor network simulator. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international ICST conference on simulation tools and techniques, SIMUTools ’10, pp. 53:1–53:6. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), ICST, Brussels, Belgium, Belgium. https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2010.8727

  35. Peter Braun WRR (2005) Mobile agents: basic concepts, mobility models, and the Tracy toolkit

  36. Qadori HQ, Zulkarnain ZA, Hanapi ZM, Subramaniam S (2017) A spawn mobile agent itinerary planning approach for energy-efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks. Sensors 17(6):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Qi H, Wang F (2001) Optimal itinerary analysis for mobile agents in ad hoc wireless sensor networks

  38. Qi H, Xu Y, Wang X, Member S (2003) Mobile-agent-based collaborative signal and information processing in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, pp 1172–1183

  39. Shakshuki E, Malik H, Denko MK (2008) Software agent-based directed diffusion in wireless sensor network. Telecommun Syst 38(3):161–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-008-9102-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Shalli Rani SHA (2016) Multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  41. Sheltami T, Musaddiq M, Shakshuki E (2016) Data compression techniques in wireless sensor networks. Future Gener Comput Syst 64:151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Tseng Y, Kuo S, Lee H, Huang C (2004) Location tracking in a wireless sensor network by mobile agents and its data fusion strategies. Comput J 47(4):448–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/47.4.448

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Usman M, Muthukkumarasamy V, Wu XW, Khanum S (2012) Securing mobile agent based wireless sensor network applications on middleware. In: 2012 International symposium on communications and information technologies (ISCIT), pp 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCIT.2012.6380993

  44. Vasuhi S, Vaidehi V (2016) Target tracking using interactive multiple model for wireless sensor network. Inf Fusion 27:41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2015.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Wu Q, Rao NSV, Barhen J, Iyengar SS, Vaishnavi VK, Qi H, Chakrabarty K, Member S, Member S (2004) On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 16:740–753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Xu Y, Qi H (2004) Distributed computing paradigms for collaborative signal and information processing in sensor networks. J Parallel Distrib Comput 64(8):945–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.04.002

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Xu Y, Qi H (2007) Dynamic mobile agent migration in wireless sensor networks. Int J Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput 2(1/2):73–82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAHUC.2007.011605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Xu Y, Qi H (2008) Mobile agent migration modeling and design for target tracking in wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw 6(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2006.07.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Zhao F, Guibas LJ, Guibas L (2004) Wireless sensor networks: an information processing approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAROSERI Laboratory, FS, Univ Chouaib Doukkali, B.P. 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Mohamed El Fissaoui & Abderrahim Beni-hssane

  2. LAVETE Laboratory, FST, Univ Hassan 1, B.P. 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco

    Slimane Ouhmad

  3. Laboratory of IPOSI, Mathematics and Computer Science Department, National School of Applied Team of Modeling and Scientific Computing, FP, Univ Mohammed 1, B.P. 300, 62700, Selouane, Nador, Morocco

    Khalid El Makkaoui

Authors
  1. Mohamed El Fissaoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abderrahim Beni-hssane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Slimane Ouhmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Khalid El Makkaoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed El Fissaoui.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Fissaoui, M., Beni-hssane, A., Ouhmad, S. et al. A Survey on Mobile Agent Itinerary Planning for Information Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks. Arch Computat Methods Eng 28, 1323–1334 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09417-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09417-1

Search

Navigation