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Rapid non-destructive moisture content monitoring using a handheld portable Vis–NIR spectrophotometer during solar drying of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.)

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Abstract

The aim of the present work was to determine the efficacy of handheld portable Vis–NIR spectroscopy in rapid non-destructive moisture content monitoring during the solar drying of mangoes. Mango slices (1.5 cm thick) from five (5) commercial mango cultivars and two breeding selections were pre-treated by hot water blanching, dipping in distilled water (control); sodium metabisulphite and citric acid solutions. Vis–NIR absorbance spectra in the range of 474–1047 nm (191 spectra points) of the samples were recorded during solar drying at temperatures of 16.8–54.3 °C and relative humidity of 19.2–99.3%. A training set consisting of 168 spectra was utilized to develop models based on partial least squares regression. Chemometric analysis gave an optimum wavelength range model that could explain 95.2% of the variance in the moisture content with a detection limit of 5.39%. The optimum model was tested for prediction of the moisture content based on 72 spectra from similarly treated samples. The model could explain 91.6–98.7% of the variance in the moisture content of the test samples with detection limits ranging from 3.97–6.61% w/w. The research demonstrated that portable hand-held Vis–NIR spectroscopy was a robust and effective method for rapid non-destructive monitoring of moisture during solar drying of mangoes. Non-destructive hand-held portable Vis–NIR spectrophotometers can hence facilitate the production of high quality solar dried mangoes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Ms. Karen de Jager for assistance with the solar dryers and the University of Venda students; Cenolia Mgomezulu, and Ntsako Mkhabela for assistance with solar drying trials. The authors are also grateful to T. Malindi and A. Zikhali for general technical assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Pretoria NRF Smart Foods Project, Project Number 170206.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postharvest Technologies Division, Agricultural Research Council, Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa

    Obiro Cuthbert Wokadala, Christo Human & Salomie Willemse

  2. Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa

    Naushad Mohammad Emmambux

Authors
  1. Obiro Cuthbert Wokadala
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  2. Christo Human
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  3. Salomie Willemse
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  4. Naushad Mohammad Emmambux
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Correspondence to Obiro Cuthbert Wokadala.

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Wokadala, O.C., Human, C., Willemse, S. et al. Rapid non-destructive moisture content monitoring using a handheld portable Vis–NIR spectrophotometer during solar drying of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.). Food Measure 14, 790–798 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00327-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-019-00327-w

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