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Incorporation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in GC Stationary Phases via the Sol–Gel Process

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Abstract

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have proven to be efficient polar or highly polar stationary phases for GC. Nevertheless, the thermal stability of monocationic RTILs limits their use in high-temperature GC. To improve the thermal stability, an RTIL based on a 1-methylimidazolium derivative was anchored in a three-dimensional network using the sol–gel process. Three different strategies were compared: using the derivative pure, in combination with a polymer or copolymerised with diethoxydimethylsilane. This last method allowed for the preparation of hybrid stationary phases with satisfactory efficiency (3500 plates per meter determined by the injection of n-tetradecane at 80 °C, k = 8.19) and very good thermal stability up to 340 °C using the NTf2 counter ion. The stationary phases demonstrated a good ability to separate positional isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Polarity and molecular interactions with analytes were characterized by calculating the Rohrschneider–McReynolds constants and Abraham system constants. A classification of the polarity of the new stationary phases relative to 44 stationary phases, including commercial and non-commercial ones, was performed based on the RTILs using principal component analysis. Finally, the maximal operating temperature of these new stationary phases was compared with those of the most thermally stable conventional or RTIL-based stationary phases, demonstrating that the sol–gel process is an efficient way to enhance the thermal stability of GC stationary phases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the interregional program ‘Centre Régional Universitaire Normand de Chimie’ (CRUNCh) for its financial support. The authors thank the Conseil Régional de Haute Normandie, France, for a PhD grant awarded to Aurélien Curat. The authors thank Benjamin Schamme (University of Rouen) for the TGA experiments and Emilie Bobo (University of Rouen) for the microscopy experiments. The authors thank the French Ministry for Research and Education, the Region Normandie (Research Grant) and FEDER for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Sciences Et Méthodes Séparatives, EA 3233, Université de Rouen Normandie, 1 rue Tesnière, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France

    Aurélien Curat, Séverine Tisse, Valérie Agasse-Peulon & Pascal Cardinael

  2. Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire Et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN and Université de Caen-Normandie Université, Labex EMC3 and SynOrg, 14050, Caen, France

    Aurélien Curat & Didier Villemin

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  1. Aurélien Curat
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  2. Séverine Tisse
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  5. Pascal Cardinael
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Correspondence to Séverine Tisse or Pascal Cardinael.

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Curat, A., Tisse, S., Agasse-Peulon, V. et al. Incorporation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in GC Stationary Phases via the Sol–Gel Process. Chromatographia 83, 439–449 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03854-7

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