Anti-corrosion performance of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives for mild steel in acidic medium: Gravimetric, electrochemical, DFT and molecular dynamics simulation investigations
Graphical abstract
Introduction
The economic development of a country depends not only on its industrial activities and natural resources, but also on the substructure necessary for the processing, exploitation, and marketing of goods. Airports, land, sea and air transport, roads, buildings, bridges, irrigation systems, offices, and industrial facilities are subject to corrosion and therefore allowable to degrade and deteriorate processes [1].
Corrosion is considered one of the pivotal problems of the world industry which gravely destroys industrial and natural environments. Today, it is mostly recognized that corrosion is a harmful process for the environment and the economy. It is a pernicious process that affects the quality of the environment, the efficiency of the sector and the sustainability of infrastructure assets [[2], [3], [4]]. On the other hand, it is necessary to expand and carry methods and techniques corrosion engineering control. Hence, the use of corrosion inhibitors has been considered as one of the substantial anti-corrosion methods under different corrosion conditions. The industry has commonly used the pickling process for the treatment of mild steel. Corrosion inhibitors were usually utilized at low concentrations to acidic solutions to reduce the corrosive attack of metallic materials, due to the general corrosion of acid solutions [5,6]. Besides, the anti-corrosion of organic inhibitors is referred to their adsorption ability on the metal surface through chemisorption and physical adsorption phenomena [7]. These phenomena are mainly influenced by the metallic charge of metal, 3D structure of the organic molecule and the type of electrolyte. The unsaturated organic compounds containing heteroatoms (e.g., O, N and S) and functional groups (e.g., -NH, -N = N-, –C = N-, –CHO, and OH) showed high inhibition efficiencies in acid media [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]].
One of the most important methods of determining the activity of corrosion inhibitors is the quantum chemical calculations, which are of great benefit to experimental studies. Recently, DFT calculations have become powerful computational methods and are considered the principal tool for linking some experimental notions in corrosion science with quantum mechanics [[13], [14], [15]]. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is considered another important tool for interpretation and explanation of corrosion inhibition, which demonstrates to be a very strong tool in this direction [[16], [17], [18]].
In the present paper, we report the synthesis and anti-corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution of three 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds namely HM1, HM2 and HM3 (Fig. 1). Experimentally, anti-corrosion efficiency of the tilted compounds is evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. The observed results were rationalized using DFT calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an attempt to determine the relationship between the anti-corrosion property from one side and the structural and electronic properties from another side of the synthesized compounds.
Section snippets
Synthesis of inhibitors
The three compounds HM1–HM3 were synthesized following the reported procedure [17] (Scheme 1). A mixture of the substrate (1a or 1b) (1 mmol), paraformaldehyde (1 mmol), and morpholine (or piperidine) (1 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) was refluxed for 4 h under controlled atmosphere (N2). After cooling, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was washed with cold ether (30 mL), filtered and dried in vacuo.
5-Azidomethyl-7-morpholinomethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (HM1): Yellow
Gravimetric measurements
Inhibitors efficiencies (ηw %) and Corrosion rates (CR) in 1.0 M HCl with different concentrations of the three synthesized compounds (HM1, HM2, and HM3) was calculated with the gravimetric technique. The inhibitors efficiencies and Corrosion rates are presented in Table 1. It is evident from Table 1 that, the corrosion rate significantly decreased from 0.82 (mg·cm−2·h−1) in the blank acid to0.08, 0.11 and 0.15 mg·cm−2·h−1 respectively, when 10−3 M of the inhibitors (HM1, HM2, and HM3) was
Conclusions
In the present work, three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The newly synthesized compounds HM1, HM2 and HM3 were evaluated for their anti-corrosion performance against MS in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution and we concluded that:
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HM1, HM2 and HM3 retard MS corrosion in 1.0 M HCl solution with their E (%) enhanced at increased inhibitors concentrations.
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The polarization and impedance electrochemical data showed that the
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Dhaybia Douche: Methodology, Validation. Hicham Elmsellem:Conceptualization, Invetsigation. El Hassane Anouar:Conceptualization, Software, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Lei Guo: Software, Methodology, Invetsigation. Baraa Hafez: Resources, Invetsigation. BurakTüzün:Resources, Software, Invetsigation. Ahmed El Louzi:Conceptualization, Supervision. Khalid Bougrin:Writing - original draft, Validation. Khalid Karrouchi: Project administration, Data curation,
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgments
This research was partially supported by UM5R, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706195), the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province (QKHJC2016-1149), the Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Foundation (QJHKYZ2016-105) and TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TR-Grid e-Infrastructure).
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