The paper offers a review of literature published over the past 15 years concerning liquid-phase sintering of silicon carbide materials with various sintering activating additives. The microstructure and specifics of its formation have been investigated. The dependences of crack resistance, strength, and hardness on the material structure were studied. The relationship between the forming microstructure of the liquid-phase sintered material and its mechanical properties has been analyzed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. N. Perevislov, V. D. Chupov, and M. V. Tomkovich, “Effect of the activating additives of yttrium aluminum garnet and magnesia spinel on compactability and mechanical properties of SiC-ceramics,” Vopr. Materialoved., 65(1), 123 – 129 (2011).
S. N. Perevislov, I. B. Panteleev, A. P. Shevchik, and M. V. Tomkovich, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC-materials sintered in the liquid phase with the addition of a finely dispersed agent,” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 58(5), 577 – 582 (2018).
S. N. Perevislov, A. S. Lysenkov, D. D. Titov, et al., “Production of ceramic materials based on SiC with low-melting oxide additives,” Glass Ceram., 75(9/10), 400 – 407 (2019).
F. Aldinger and V. A. Weberruss, Advanced Ceramics and Future Materials, Wiley (2010).
A. P. Garshin, V. M. Gropyanov, G. P. Zaytsev, et al., Ceramics for Machine-building [in Russian], Nauchtekhlitizdat, Moscow (2003).
E. Gomez, J. Echeberria, I. Iturrizab, and F. Castro, “Liquid phase sintering of SiC with additions of Y2O3, Al2O3 and SiO2,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24(9), 2895 – 2903 (2004).
S. Baud, F. Thevenot, and C. Chatillon, “High temperature sintering of SiC with oxide additives. Part 2: Vaporization processes in powder beds and gas-phase analysis by mass spectrometry,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 23(1), 9 – 18 (2003).
S. Baud, F. Thevenot, and C. Chatillon, “High temperature sintering of SiC with oxide additives. Part 3: Quantitative vaporization of SiC–Al2O3 powder beds as revealed by mass spectrometry,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 23(1), 19 – 27 (2003).
S. Baud, F. Thevenot, and C. Chatillon, “High temperature sintering of SiC with oxide additives. Part 4: Powder beds and the influence of vaporization on the behaviour of SiC compacts,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 23(1), 29 – 36 (2003).
S. Baud, F. Thevenot, A. Pisch, and C. Chatillon, “High temperature sintering of SiC with oxide additives. Part 1: Analysis in the SiC–Al2O3 and SiC–Al2O3–Y2O3 systems,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.23(1), 1 – 8 (2003).
J. Ihle, M. Herrmann, and J. Adler, “Phase formation in porous liquid phase sintered silicon carbide. Part 1: Interaction between Al2O3 and SiC,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.25(7), 987 – 995 (2005).
J. Ihle, M. Herrmann, and J. Adler, “Phase formation in porous liquid phase sintered silicon carbide. Part 2: Interaction between Y2O3 and SiC”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(7), 997 – 1003 (2005).
J. Ihle, M. Herrmann, and J. Adler, “Phase formation in porous liquid phase sintered silicon carbide. Part 3: Interaction between Al2O3–Y2O3 and SiC,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(7), 1005 – 1013 (2005).
A. Can, M. Herrmann, D. S. Mclachlan, et al., “Densification of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.26(9), 1707 – 1713 (2006).
Z. H. Huang, D. C. Jia, Y. Zhou, and Y. G. Liu, “A new sintering additive for silicon carbide ceramic,” Ceram. Int., 29(1), 13 – 17 (2003).
K. Suzuki and M. Sasaki, “Effects of sintering atmosphere on grain morphology of liquid-phase-sintered SiC with Al2O3 additions,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(9), 1611 – 1618 (2005).
S. K. C. Pillai, B. Baron, M. J. Pomeroy, and S. Hampshire, “Effect of oxide dopants on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina – silicon carbide nanocomposite ceramics prepared by pressureless sintering,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24(12), 3317 – 3326 (2004).
K. Suzuki, N. Kageyama, and T. Kanno, “Improvement in the oxidation resistance of liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide with aluminum oxide additions,” Ceram. Int., 31(6), 879 – 882 (2005).
O. Fabrichnaya, M. Zinkevich, and F. Aldinger “Thermodynamic modelling in the ZrO2–La2O3–Y2O3–Al2O3 system,” Int. J. Mater. Res., 98(9), 838 – 846 (2007).
O. Fabrichnaya, G. Savinykh, T. Zienert, et al., “Phase relations in the ZrO2–Sm2O3-Y2O3–Al2O3 system: experimental investigation and experimental modelling,” Int. J. Mater. Res., 103(12), 1469 – 1487 (2012).
O. Fabrichnaya, G. Savinykh, G. Schreiber, et al., “Phase relations in the ZrO2–Nd2O3–Y2O3–Al2O3 system: experimental study and thermodynamic modelling,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 32(3), 171 – 185 (2012).
R. Neher, M. Herrmann, K. Brandt, et al., “Liquid phase formation in the system SiC, Al2O3, Y2O3,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, 1/2, 175 – 181 (2011).
O. Fabrichnaya, G. Savinykh, G. Schreiber, and H. J. Seifert, “Experimental study of phase relations in the ZrO2–La2O3–Y2O3 system,” Int. J. Mater. Res., 100(11), 1521 – 1528 (2009).
O. Fabrichnaya, G. Savinykh, and G. Schreiber, “Phase relations in the ZrO2–La2O3–Y2O3–Al2O3 system: experimental studies and phase modeling,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 33(1), 37 – 49 (2013).
K. Biswas, G. Rixecker, and F. Aldinger, “Effect of rare-earth cation additions on the high temperature oxidation behavior of LPS–SiC,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 374(1/2), 56 – 63 (2004).
J. Gao, H. Xiao, and H. Du, “Effect of Y2O3 addition on ammono sol-gel synthesis and sintering of Si3N4–SiC nanocomposite powder,” Ceram. Int.29(6), 655 – 661 (2003).
S. Guo, N. Hirosaki, H. Tanaka, et al., “Oxidation behavior of liquid-phase sintered SiC with AlN and Er2O3 additives between 1200°C and 1400°C,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.23(12), 2023 – 2029 (2003).
S. P. Taguchi, R. M. Balestra, G. C. R. Garcia, and S. Ribeiro, “Spontaneous infiltrations of compound systems of Y2O3, Sm2O3, Re2O3, Al2O3 and AlN in SiC ceramics,” Ceram. Int., 36(1), 9 – 14 (2010).
K. Biswas, G. Rixecker, and F. Aldinger, “Improved high temperature properties of SiC–ceramics sintered with Lu2O3-containing additives,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 23(7), 1099 – 1104 (2003).
S. N. Perevislov, V. D. Chupov, S. S. Ordanyan, “Properties of sintered materials based on silicon carbide micro-powders,” Vopr. Materialoved., 69(1), 38 – 43 (2012).
S. N. Perevislov and D. D. Nesmelov, “Properties of SiC and Si3N4 based composite ceramic with nano-size component,” Glass Ceram., 73(7/8), 249 – 252 (2016).
S. N. Perevislov, A. S. Lysenkov, D. D. Titov, et al., “Liquid- sintered SiC based materials with additive low oxide oxides,” IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., IOP Publ., 525(1), 012073 (2019).
S. N. Perevislov, M. V. Tomkovich, and A. S. Lysenkov, “Silicon carbide liquid-phase sintering with various activating agents,” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 59(5), 522 – 527 (2019).
M. F. Zawrah and L. Shaw, “Liquid-phase sintering of SiC in presence of CaO,” Ceram. Int., 30(5), 721 – 725 (2004).
A. S. Lysenkov, K. A. Kim, D. D. Titov, et al., “Composite material Si3N4/SiC with calcium aluminate additive,” J. Phys., Conf. Series., IOP Publ., 1134(1), 012036 (2018).
J. H. Lee, D. Y. Kim, and Y.W. Kim, “Grain boundary crystallization during furnace cooling of α-SiC sintered with Y2O3–Al2O3–CaO,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(7), 1267 – 1272 (2006).
U. I. Ryabkovyi and P. A. Sitnikov, “Conditions for preparation of oxide components and their effect on properties of Al2O3–ZrO2–SiC composite,” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 44(2), 115 – 118 (2003).
G. Magnani and L. Beaulardi, “Long-term oxidation behavior of liquid phase pressureless sintered SiC–AlN ceramics obtained without powder bed,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(15), 3407 – 3413 (2006).
K. Strecker and M. J. Hoffmann, “Effect of AlN-content on the microstructure and fracture toughness of hot-pressed and heat-treated LPS–SiC ceramics,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(6), 801 – 807 (2005).
M. Hotta and J. Hojo, “Inhibition of grain growth in liquid- phase sintered SiC ceramics by AlN additive and spark plasma sintering,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30(10), 2117 – 2122 (2010).
R. M. Balestra, S. Ribeiro, S. P. Taguchi, et al., “Wetting behavior of Y2O3/AlN additive on SiC ceramics,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(16), 3881 – 3886 (2006).
K. Suzuki and M. Sasaki, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid-phase-sintered SiC with AlN and Y2O3 additions,” Ceram. Int., 31(5), 749 – 755 (2005).
A. Zangvil and R. Ruh, “Phase relationships in the silicon carbide — aluminum nitride system,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 71(10), 884 – 890 (1988).
Z. Pan, O. Fabrichnaya, H. J. Seifert, et al., “Thermodynamic evaluation of the Si–C–Al–Y–O system for LPS–SiC application,” J. Phase Equilibr., 31(3), 238 – 249 (2010).
N. Zhang, H. Ru, Q. Cai, et al., “Investigation of loss weight and densification of SiC–Al2O3–Y2O3 ceramic composite on sintering,” J. Rare Earths., 23, 132 – 136 (2005).
R. Huang, H. Gu, J. Zhang, and D. Jiang, “Effect of Y2O3–Al2O3 ratio on intergranular phases and films in tape-casting α-SiC with high toughness,” Acta Mater., 53(8), 2521 – 2529 (2005).
M. Castillo-Rodríguez, A. Muñoz, and A. Domínguez-Rodríguez, “Effect of atmosphere and sintering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperatures of -SiC sintered with liquid phase Y2O3–Al2O3,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(12), 2397 – 2405 (2006).
S. N. Perevislov, V. D. Chupov, S. S. Ordanyan, and M. V. Tomkovich, “Obtaining high density silicon carbide materials by the liquid-phase sintering method in the component system SiC–Al2O3–Y2O3–MgO,” Ogneup. Tekh. Ker., No. 4/5, 26 – 32 (2011).
S. N. Perevislov, “Study of the structure and strength properties of liquid-phase sintered silicon carbide ceramics,” Deform. Razr. Mat., No. 5, 25 – 31 (2013).
A. L. Ortiz, A. Munoz-Bernabé, O. Borrero-López, et al., “Effect of sintering atmosphere on the mechanical properties of liquid- phase-sintered SiC,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24 (10/11), 3245 – 3249 (2004).
G. D. Semchenko, I. Yu. Shuteeva, A. N. Butenko, et al., Zol-gel Compositions for Multifunctional Applications [in Russian], Rainbow, Kharkov (2011).
S. V. Vikhman, O. A. Kozhevnikov, S. S. Ordanyan, and V. D. Chupov, “Solution-based method of producing silicon carbide mixture with oxide sintering activator and method of producing ceramic based thereon,” Russian Federation patent 2455262, appl. No. 2010124772/03, filed June 16, 2010, publ. July 10, 2012, Bul. No. 19.
S. N. Perevislov, I. B. Panteleev, S. V. Vikhman, et al., “Co-precipitation of oxides from salt solution on the silicon carbide particle surface,” Ogneup. Tekh. Keram., No. 9, 9 – 16 (2015).
D. D. Nesmelov, O. A. Kozhevnikov, S. S. Ordanyan, et al., “Precipitation of the eutectic Al2O3–ZrO2 (Y2O3) on the surface of SiC particles,” Glass Ceram., 74(1/2), 43 – 47 (2017).
S. N. Perevislov, “Grinding silicon carbide powders in a planetary mill,” Vopr. Materialoved., 68, 4, 73 – 80 (2011).
A. Gubernat, L. Stobierski, and P. Łabaj, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon carbide pressureless sintered with oxide additives,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(2/3), 781 – 789 (2007).
F. Chen, Y. Yang, Q. Shen, and L. Zhang, “Macro/micro structure dependence of mechanical strength of low temperature sintered silicon carbide ceramic foams,” Ceram. Int., 38(6), 5223 – 5229 (2012).
O. Borrero-López, A. L. Ortiz, F. Guiberteau, and N. P. Padture, “Microstructural design of sliding-wear-resistant liquid-phasesintered SiC: an overview,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(11), 3351 – 3357 (2007).
S. N. Perevislov, “Mechanism of liquid-phase sintering of silicon carbide and nitride with oxide activating additives,” Glass Ceram., 70(7/8), 265 – 268 (2013).
K. Ando, K. Furusawa, K. Takahashi, and S. Sato, “Crack-healing ability of structural ceramics and a new methodology to guarantee the structural integrity using the ability and proof-test,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(5), 549 – 558 (2005).
L. S. Sigl and H. J. Kleebe, “Core/rim structure of liquidphase- sintered silicon carbide,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76(3), 773 – 776 (1993).
S. J. Dillon and M. P. Harmer, “Demystifying the role of sintering additives with “complexion”,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 28(7), 1485 – 1493 (2008).
F. Rodríguez-Rojas, A. L. Ortiz, O. Borrero-López, and F. Guiberteau, “Effect of the sintering additive content on the non-protective oxidation behavior of pressureless liquid-phase-sintered α-SiC in air,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30(6), 1513 – 1518 (2010).
J. K. Lee, S. P. Lee, K. S. Cho, et al., “Characteristic evaluation of liquid-phase sintered SiC materials by a nondestructive technique,” J. Nucl. Mater., 386, 487 – 490 (2009).
T. S. Suzuki, T. Uchikoshi, and Y. Sakka, “Effect of sintering conditions on microstructure orientation in -SiC prepared by slip casting in a strong magnetic field,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30(14), 2813 – 2817 (2010).
C. Cui, Y. T. Wang, J. G. Jiang, et al., “Microstructure of reactive sintered Al bonded Si3N4–SiC ceramics,” Trans. Nonfer. Metals Soc. China, 16, 42 – 45 (2006).
Y. I. Lee, Y. W. Kim, and M. Mitomo, “Microstructure stability of fine-grained silicon carbide ceramics during annealing,” J. Mater. Sci., 39(11), 3613 – 3617 (2004).
O. H. Kwon and G. L. Messing, “Kinetic analysis of solution- precipitation during liquid-phase sintering of alumina,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73(2), 275 – 281 (1990).
K. A.Weidenmann, G. Rixecker, and F. Aldinger, “Liquid phase sintered silicon carbide (LPS–SiC) ceramics having remarkably high oxidation resistance in wet air,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(13), 2453 – 2457 (2006).
G. Magnani, L. Beaulardi, A. Brentari, et al., “Crack healing in liquid-phase pressureless-sintered silicon carbide – aluminum nitride composites,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30(3), 769 – 773 (2010).
S. K. Lee, W. Ishida, V. G. Cao, and L. Lee, “Crack-healing behavior and resultant strength properties of silicon carbide ceramics,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25(5), 569 – 576 (2005).
L. Vargas-Gonzalez, R. F. Speyer, and J. Campbell, “Flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of silicon carbide and boron carbide armor ceramics,” Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 7(5), 643 – 651 (2010).
J. M. Ma, F. Ye, C. F. Liu, et al., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide composites,” J. Zhej. Univ. Sci. A., 11(10), 766 – 770 (2010).
O. Borrero-López, A. L. Ortiz, F. Guiberteau, and N. P. Padture, “Effect of liquid-phase content on the contact-mechanical properties of liquid-phase sintered α-SiC,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(6), 2521 – 2527 (2007).
D. Sciti and A. Bellosi, “Effects of additives on densification, microstructure and properties of liquid-phase sintered silicon carbide,” J. Mater. Sci., 35, 3849 – 3855 (2000).
B. G. Simba, C. Santos, M. J. Bondioli, et al., “Strength improvement of LPS-SiC ceramics by oxidation treatment,” Int. J. Ref. Met. Hard Mater., 28(4), 484 – 488 (2010).
V. D. Chupov and A. S. Kharlanov, “Strength of silicon carbide and silicon nitride based ceramic materials,” Ogneup. Tekh. Ker., No. 9, 16 – 18 (2006).
Y. Zhou, K. Hirao, Y. Yamauchi, and S. Kanzaki, “Tailoring the mechanical properties of silicon carbide ceramics by modification of the intergranular phase chemistry,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22, 2689 – 2696 (2002).
S. Baud and F. Thevenot, “Microstructures and mechanical properties of liquid-phase sintered seeded silicon carbide,” Mater. Chem. Phys., 67, 165 – 174 (2001).
S. Guicciardi, A. Balbo, D. Sciti, et al., Nanoindentation characterization of SiC–based ceramics,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(2/3), 1399 – 1404 (2007).
O. Borrero-López, A. Pajares, A. L. Ortiz, and F. Guiberteau, “Hardness degradation in liquid-phase sintered SiC with prolonged sintering,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(11), 3359 – 3364 (2007).
S. Mandal, A. S. Sanyal, K. K. Dhargupta, and S. Ghatak, “Gas pressure sintering of β-SiC – γ-AlON composite in nitrogen/argon environment,” Ceram. Int., 27, 473 – 479 (2001).
I. M. Hutchings, Tribology, Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data (2017).
V. D. Krstic, M. D. Vlajic, and R. A. Verall, “SiC ceramics for nuclear applications,” Adv. Ceram. Mater. Eng. Mater., 122 – 124, 387 – 396 (1996).
J. Briggs, Engineering Ceramics in Europe and the USA, Enceram. Menith Wood. UK, Worcester (2011).
S. N. Perevislov and I. A. Bespalov, “Shock-resistant silicon carbide based ceramic materials,” Pisma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 43(15), 73 – 78 (2017).
S. N. Perevislov, I. A. Bespalov, and M. V. Tomkovich, “Influence of structure modification of silicon carbide materials on their dynamic properties,” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 59(4), 359 – 364 (2018).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 9, September, 2019
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tomkovich, M.V., Perevislov, S.N., Panteleev, I.B. et al. Sintered Silicon Carbide based Materials: Mechanical Properties vs. Structure. Refract Ind Ceram 60, 445–454 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-020-00383-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-020-00383-6