Abstract
There is actually health concern about the uncontrolled use of pesticides, as some banned pesticides continue to be used in many regions of the world, especially in Latin America. Advanced analytical methods are thus required to detect pesticides in water. Common pesticide analysis is done by grab sampling of water volumes ranging from milliliters to liters. Grab sampling is suitable for moderate to high pesticide concentrations, but fails to detect trace levels and shows only a single-time snapshot of pesticide levels. Alternatively, passive sampling extracts and collects water directly in situ, thus allowing time for pollutants to be accumulated into the sampler. Passive sampling has recently become a major tool for extraction of organic contaminants in surface water, groundwater and wastewater. Diverse pollutants have been studied, such as pesticides, illicit and prescription drugs, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cyanobacterial microcystin toxins. This review describes the main devices of passive sampling, used for the extraction of pesticides in waters.
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Source: Web of Science. Accessed 04 March 2020
(based on ref Alvarez et al. 2007)
(kinetic region or equilibrium region) (based on ref. Mayer et al. 2003)
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Abbreviations
- C equi :
-
Equilibrium sampling concentrations
- C s :
-
Concentration of analyte in the sampler
- C s(equi) :
-
Concentration of analyte in equilibrium in the sampler
- C w :
-
Concentration in the water
- D b :
-
Diffusion coefficient in the biofilm
- D S :
-
Diffusion coefficient in the sampler (receiving phase)
- D W :
-
Diffusion coefficient in water
- K bw :
-
Partitioning coefficient between water and the biofilm
- K e :
-
Elimination rate constant
- K sw :
-
Partition coefficient between water and the receiving phase
- K u :
-
Uptake rate constant
- Log P or Log Kow :
-
Octanol/water partition coefficient
- AMPA:
-
Aminomethyl phosphonic acid
- ASS:
-
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
- CRK:
-
Chemical reaction kinetic
- DDT:
-
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DGT:
-
Diffusive gradients in thin-film technique
- d-SPE:
-
Dispersive solid-phase extraction
- DVD:
-
Divinylbenzene
- FTS:
-
Flow-through system
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- HECAM:
-
Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane
- HF-LPME:
-
Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction
- HLB:
-
Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- LC:
-
Liquid chromatography
- LDPE:
-
Low-density polyethylene
- LOQs and LODs:
-
Limits of quantification and detection
- MCLs:
-
Maximum contaminant levels
- MESCO:
-
Membrane-enclosed sorptive coating
- MIP:
-
Molecularly imprinted polymeric
- MTC:
-
Mass transfer coefficient
- NHL:
-
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- OCPs:
-
Organochlorine pesticides
- OPFRs:
-
Organophosphorus flame retardants
- OPPs:
-
Organophosphorus pesticides
- PA:
-
Polyacrylate
- PAHs:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PCBs:
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls
- PDMS:
-
Polydimethylsiloxane
- PDMDPS:
-
Polydimethyldiphenylsiloxane
- PES:
-
Polyethersulfone
- PISCES:
-
Passive in situ concentration/extraction sampler
- POCIS:
-
Polar organic chemical integrative sampler
- POM:
-
Polyoxymethylene
- POPs:
-
Persistent organic pollutants
- PRCs:
-
Performance reference compounds
- PTFE:
-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
- R s :
-
Sampling rate
- SBE:
-
Stirred batch experiments
- SBSE:
-
Stir bar sorptive extraction
- SPE:
-
Solid-phase extraction
- SPMDs:
-
Semi-permeable membrane device
- SPME:
-
Solid-phase microextraction
- QBE:
-
Quiescent batch experiments
- QuEChERS:
-
Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe
- TF-SPME:
-
Thin-film solid-phase microextraction
- TSH:
-
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- TWA:
-
Time-weighted average
- VOCs:
-
Volatile organic compounds
- WBL:
-
Water boundary layer
- WFD:
-
Water framework directive
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Valenzuela, E.F., Menezes, H.C. & Cardeal, Z.L. Passive and grab sampling methods to assess pesticide residues in water. A review. Environ Chem Lett 18, 1019–1048 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00998-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00998-8