Immunity
Volume 52, Issue 4, 14 April 2020, Pages 635-649.e4
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Article
Bacteria-Induced Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Stomach Provide Immune Protection through Induction of IgA

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.002Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Stomach ILC2s are dependent on commensal bacteria

  • IgA-producing plasma cells are induced by stomach ILC2s during H. pylori infection

  • Stomach ILC2s induce bacteria-binding IgA via the IL-7-IL-7R axis

  • ILC2s play an important role in stomach protection

Summary

The intestinal microbiota shapes and directs immune development locally and systemically, but little is known about whether commensal microbes in the stomach can impact their immunological microenvironment. Here, we report that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were the predominant ILC subset in the stomach and show that their homeostasis and effector functions were regulated by local commensal communities. Microbes elicited interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-33 production in the stomach, which in turn triggered the propagation and activation of ILC2. Stomach ILC2s were also rapidly induced following infection with Helicobacter pylori. ILC2-derived IL-5 resulted in the production of IgA, which coated stomach bacteria in both specific pathogen-free (SPF) and H. pylori-infected mice. Our study thus identifies ILC2-dependent IgA response that is regulated by the commensal microbiota, which is implicated in stomach protection by eliminating IgA-coated bacteria including pathogenic H. pylori.

Keywords

ILC2s
stomach immunity
Helicobacter pylori
IgA
commensal microbiota

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