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Coupling characteristics and environmental significance of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the sediments of Erhai Lake

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Abstract

The contents and forms of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic carbon (C) were determined with 40 cm (approximately 1600 s) core sediments from Erhai Lake on the Yungui Plateau of China as the sample. The vertical distribution characteristics, coupling relationships and ecological indicator significance of C–N–P were studied and identified. The results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents were in the ranges of 1436–8255 mg·kg−1, 1287–5462 mg·kg−1, and 870.26–1507.74 mg·kg−1, respectively. In the Erhai Lake sediments, the main forms of TOC, organic nitrogen (ON) and organic phosphorus (OP) were humus, TN, and TP, respectively. The deposition of C, N, and P in the Erhai Lake sediments was divided into four periods. In the initial development period (from 40 to 23 cm), C, N and P were deposited and released synchronously; the main form of N was nontransferable total nitrogen (NTN), and that of P was inorganic phosphorus (IP). In the ecological recovery period (from 22 to 14 cm), C and N were deposited synchronously, and their deposition amounts were more than that of P. C, N and P were released synchronously. The main form of N was transferable total nitrogen (TTN), and that of P was IP. In the rapid economic growth period (from 13 to 0 cm), C, N, and P were deposited and released synchronously; the main form of N was NTN, and that of P was OP. In comparison to the other periods, this period was a period of higher active soil organic carbon (ASOC). In the integrated management period (surface sediment), C and N were deposited and released synchronously, and their deposition amounts were greater than that of P. The main form of N was NTN, that of P was OP, and the ASOC content was high. When exogenous inputs were the main sources of C, N, and P, the deposition forms of P and N were mainly OP and NTN, respectively, and those of IP and TTN were calcium-bound P (Ca–P) and ion-exchange form N (IEF–N), respectively. When endogenous inputs were the main sources of C, N and P, the deposition forms of P and N were mainly IP and TTN, respectively, and those of IP and TTN were Fe/Al–P and weak acid extractable form (WAEF–N), respectively. The content ratio of Ca–P and Fe/Al–P, as well as that of IEF–N and WAEF–N, could reflect the changes in the contribution of endogenous and exogenous sources to the Erhai Lake sediments.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41503113), Beijing Major Science and Technology Projects (Z181100005318001) and Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2012ZX07102-004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agricultural Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, Hebei, China

    Haichao Zhao, Haixiang Zhao & Zhaochong Qiao

  2. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Haichao Zhao & Shengrui Wang

  3. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Li Zhang

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  1. Haichao Zhao
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  2. Haixiang Zhao
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  5. Zhaochong Qiao
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Correspondence to Haixiang Zhao.

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Responsible editor: Baojing Gu

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Zhao, H., Zhao, H., Wang, S. et al. Coupling characteristics and environmental significance of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the sediments of Erhai Lake. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 19901–19914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08120-9

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