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Effect of pulsating water jet disintegration on hardness and elasticity modulus of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L

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Abstract

The presented article is focused on the evaluation of mechanical properties of stainless steel disintegrated using an ultrasonically modulated pulsating water jet. The experimental procedure was performed using a nozzle with a circular orifice with an equivalent diameter of 1.6 mm. The mechanical properties evaluation was based on indentation elasticity modulus Ep and nano hardness H, which were measured using nanoindentation technique. Influence of ultrasonic power and plunger pressure change on disintegrated material was evaluated. Changes in mechanical properties in dependence on distance from the disintegrated surface were evaluated. Elasticity modulus and nano hardness change were observed below and on the sides of the disintegrated surfaces. Measurements were performed until the distance of 930 μm. The indentation was carried in three series of 10 indents with 100 μm spacing located below the affected area, next to the affected area and in the unaffected material. Results of experimental testing show changes of nano hardness (generally an appreciable decrease) and elasticity modulus (limited increase) of material under and to the side of the newly created surface.

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Abbreviations

AWJ:

Abrasive water jet

PWJ:

Pulsating water jet

WJ:

Water jet

A c :

Indentation area [μm2]

c :

Shock velocity in liquid [m s−1]

C s :

Compliance of the sample

d :

Nozzle diameter [mm]

E :

Young’s modulus [GPa]

E k :

Kinetic energy [J]

E p :

Indentation modulus of elasticity [GPa]

E r :

Reduced modulus of elasticity [GPa]

E i :

Elasticity modulus of indenter [GPa]

f :

Ultrasound frequency [kHz]

F :

Indenter loading force [mN]

F max :

Maximal loading force of indenter [mN]

h :

Indenter penetration depth [μm]

h c :

Contact depth [μm]

h max :

Maximal depth of indenter penetration [μm]

h s :

Displacement of the surface at the perimeter of contact [μm]

h 0 :

Permanent penetration depth (plastic deformation) [μm]

H :

Hardness [GPa]

k1 and k2 :

Extinction (absorption) coefficients of the material [−]

m l :

Weight of liquid drop [kg]

p :

Plunger pressure [MPa]

P :

Ultrasound power [W]

p i :

Impact pressure [MPa]

p s :

Stagnation pressure [MPa]

R m :

Tensile strength [MPa]

R p0.2 :

Yield point [MPa]

S :

Unloading stiffness [N m−1]

v :

Traverse speed [mm s−1]

z :

Stand-off distance of nozzle from target material [mm]

α :

Coefficient of indentation geometry and specimen properties [−]

ε :

Strain [−]

v l :

Velocity of liquid [m s−1]

ρ :

Density [kg m−3]

ρ l :

Density of liquid [kg m−3]

v i :

Poisson’s ratio of indenter [−]

σ :

Stress [MPa]

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Funding

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV-17-0490-Detection of the erosive effect of pulsating water jet on material. This work was further supported by projects: KEGA č. 030TUKE-4/2018-Popularisation and transfer the strategy Industry 4.0 into the technical study programs focusing on secondary schools, VEGA No. 1/0096/18-Effect of continual and pulsating fluid jet on microstructure, properties and integrity on materials and by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic project No. FV 30233. The experiments were conducted with the support of the Institute of Clean Technologies for Mining and Utilization of Raw Materials for Energy Use-Sustainability Program, reg. no. LO1406 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic, and supported by a project for the long-term conceptual development of the research institution RVO: 68145535. This publication is the result of the Project implementation: Automation and robotization for 21st century manufacturing processes, ITMS: 313011T566, supported by the Operational Programme Research and Innovation funded by the ERDF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, The Technical University of Kosice, Bayerova 1, Presov, 080 01, Slovak Republic

    Dominika Lehocka & Frantisek Botko

  2. The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geonics, Studentska 1768, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic

    Dominika Lehocka, Jiri Klich & Libor Sitek

  3. Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, 040 01, Slovak Republic

    Pavol Hvizdos & Martin Fides

  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 33, Czech Republic

    Robert Cep

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  1. Dominika Lehocka
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Correspondence to Dominika Lehocka.

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Lehocka, D., Botko, F., Klich, J. et al. Effect of pulsating water jet disintegration on hardness and elasticity modulus of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107, 2719–2730 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05191-3

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