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Mechanistic understanding of Cu-based bimetallic catalysts

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Abstract

Copper has received extensive attention in the field of catalysis due to its rich natural reserves, low cost, and superior catalytic performance. Herein, we reviewed two modification mechanisms of co-catalyst on the coordination environment change of Cu-based catalysts: (1) change the electronic orbitals and geometric structure of Cu without any catalytic functions; (2) act as an additional active site with a certain catalytic function, as well as their catalytic mechanism in major reactions, including the hydrogenation to alcohols, dehydrogenation of alcohols, water gas shift reaction, reduction of nitrogenous compounds, electrocatalysis and others. The influencing mechanisms of different types of auxiliary metals on the structure-activity relationship of Cu-based catalysts in these reactions were especially summarized and discussed. The mechanistic understanding can provide significant guidance for the design and controllable synthesis of novel Cu-based catalysts used in many industrial reactions.

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Abbreviations

NPs:

Nanoparticles

CSNPs:

Core-shell nanoparticles

WGS:

Water gas shift

DFT:

Density functional theory

CNFs:

Carbon nanofibers

PROX:

Preferential oxidation reaction

GHR:

Glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction

1,2-PDO:

1,2-Propanediol

H2-TPR:

H2-temperature programmed reduction

IWI:

Incipient wetness impregnation

NH3-TPD:

NH3-temperature programmed desorption

CTH:

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation

APR:

Aqueous phase reforming

HR-TEM:

High resolution-transmission electron microscope

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

EL:

Ethyl levulinate

WHSV:

Weight hourly space velocity

TOF:

Turnover frequency

MA:

Mesoporous alumina

GHSV:

Gas hourly space velocity

LHSV:

Liquid hour space velocity

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

GVL:

γ-Valerolactone

1,4-PeD:

1,4-pentanediol

GBL:

γ-Butyrolactone

STY:

Space time yield

DRIFTS:

Diffused reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy

FTs:

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

STM:

Scanning tunneling microscope

LDHs:

Layered double hydroxides

CFs:

Carbon fibers

BTC:

1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid

DBA:

3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanal

ACF:

Activated carbon fibrous

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

DBO:

3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

OWGS:

Oxygen-assisted-water gas shift

DP:

Deposition-precipitation

WSV:

Water space velocity

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

OMC:

Ordered mesoporous carbons

DFS:

Depleted fullerene soot

TNTs:

Titanate nanotubes

SS:

Stainless steel

4-NP:

4-Nitrophenol

NZVI:

Nanoscale zerovalent iron

AC:

Activated carbon

AC1:

Oxidation of AC in liquid phase with HNO3

AC2:

Heat treatment of AC1 during 1 h at 700°C under N2

AC3:

Heat treatment of AC1 during 1 h at 700°C under H2 flow

CNT1:

Carbon nanotubes sample Nanocyl-3100

CNT2:

Carbon nanotubes treated in an acid bath of H2SO4 (50 vol.%)

CXG:

Carbon xerogel

P-DB:

p-Dinitrobenzene

4-AP:

4-Aminophenol

4-NA:

4-Nitroaniline

4-BTN:

4-Bromonitrobenzene

2-NP:

2-Nitrophenol

GP:

Ginger rhizome powder

NMA:

3-Nitro-4-methoxy-acetylaniline

AAPTMS:

N-(2 amino ethyl)-3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane

GO:

Graphene oxide

CA:

Cellulose acetate

3DG:

Three-dimensional graphene

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

EXAFS:

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure

NPCC:

Nanoporous carbon composite

CB:

Conduction band

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21576205). The authors also thank Prof. Jinlong Gong in School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University for his helpful suggestions and comments in the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    You Han, Yulian Wang, Tengzhou Ma, Wei Li, Jinli Zhang & Minhua Zhang

  2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    You Han

  3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China

    Jinli Zhang

  4. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Minhua Zhang

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  1. You Han
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  2. Yulian Wang
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  3. Tengzhou Ma
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  4. Wei Li
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  5. Jinli Zhang
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  6. Minhua Zhang
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Correspondence to Jinli Zhang or Minhua Zhang.

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Han, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, T. et al. Mechanistic understanding of Cu-based bimetallic catalysts. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 14, 689–748 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1902-4

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