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Hurricane-Mediated Shifts in a Subtropical Seagrass Associated Fish and Macroinvertebrate Community

  • Special Issue: Impact of 2017 Hurricanes
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Abstract

Hurricanes are important ecological disturbances that maintain biodiversity. We investigated the short-term impacts of Hurricane Irma, a category 4 storm that passed through south Florida on September 10, 2017, on fish and macroinvertebrate communities of western and north-central Florida Bay, FL, USA. Spatiotemporal trends in physical water conditions (temperature, salinity, water depth, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and turbidity) as well as rainfall and coastal discharge were assessed to characterize hurricane-induced habitat changes. Dramatic but ephemeral changes in water depth and rainfall were observed. Longer lasting reductions of salinity regime and increases in turbidity and chlorophyll a were also observed. The prevailing hypersalinity (≥ 40 ppt) conditions, ongoing since March 2017, were abruptly ended by the storm. Hurricane Irma significantly altered fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Analysis of community spatiotemporal trends revealed spatially distinct temporal community shifts. Cluster analysis distinguished four groups among nine highly abundant species identified as exerting the most influence on pre- and post-hurricane total community differences. Reductions in relative abundance of two groups were coincident with Irma’s passage while a third group, comprised solely of pelagic, zooplanktivorous Anchoa mitchilli, exhibited rapid population growth that started 2 months after the passage of the storm. These faunal disruptions are reminiscent of a prior Florida Bay community shift that followed a similar sequence of consecutive disturbances: hypersalinity, seagrass die-off, and a category-5 hurricane. Recovery from this prior community shift cascade took many years.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Joseph Serafy (SEFSC NMFS NOAA) and three anonymous reviewers for discussions that improved the presentation of this study and provided insight of the ecological impacts observed after the passage of Hurricane Irma. We also thank the guest editors of this issue for their comments on the draft manuscript. A number of technicians located at the AOML OAR NOAA and SEFSC NMFS NOAA offices in Miami, FL, assisted with field collections and laboratory species identifications that yielded the fish and macroinvertebrate community dataset; we are indebted to their assistance. This research was carried out [in part] under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA10OAR4320143.

Funding

This study was funded by US Army Corps of Engineers RECOVER (REstroation COodination and VERification) as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Monitoring and Assessment Plan (MAP). Fish and macroinvertebrate community sampling was conducted under NPS Permit no. EVER-2018-SCI-0059.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIMAS, RSMAS, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Ian C. Zink

  2. SEFSC NMFS NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Ian C. Zink & Joan A. Browder

  3. AOML OAR NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Christopher R. Kelble

  4. South Florida Natural Resources Center, NPS, 950 N. Krome Avenue, Homestead, FL, 33030, USA

    Erik Stabenau, Christopher Kavanagh & Zachary W. Fratto

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  1. Ian C. Zink
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Correspondence to Ian C. Zink.

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Zink, I.C., Browder, J.A., Kelble, C.R. et al. Hurricane-Mediated Shifts in a Subtropical Seagrass Associated Fish and Macroinvertebrate Community. Estuaries and Coasts 43, 1174–1193 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00715-2

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