Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of low-level laser therapy on inflammation, collagen fiber maturation, and tertiary dentin deposition in the pulp of bleached teeth

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

We evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using an infrared laser (IRL) and a red laser (RL) on the pulp of molar teeth in rats after dental bleaching to assess inflammation, collagen fiber maturation, and tertiary dentin formation.

Materials and methods

Eighty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were randomly divided into eight groups with 10 hemimaxillae in each of the following: control; bleached (Ble, 35% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]); Ble-1IRL and Ble-1RL (one IRL [808 nm, 30 s, 3 J] or RL [660 nm, 15 s, 1.5 J] application immediately after H2O2); Ble-3IRL and Ble-3RL (three [immediately, 24 h, and 48 h] IRL or RL applications after H2O2); and 3IRL and 3RL (three IRL or RL applications without bleaching). The rats were euthanized after 2 and 30 days for histological evaluation of inflammation (hematoxylin-eosin) and maturation of collagen fibers (picrosirius red). Additionally, the dentin deposition in the specimens obtained at 30 days was quantified via microtomography of the pulp chamber volume. Statistical analyses were performed (P < 0.05).

Results

Initially, severe damages to the pulp were observed in the Ble and Ble-1RL groups. Ble-1IRL and Ble-3RL groups showed lower inflammation. The bleached groups had a greater amount of mature collagen fibers than the control group. The Ble-3IRL group had a greater number of immature fibers than the Ble group. At 30 days, there was an absence of inflammation and equal proportion of mature and immature collagen fibers. All bleached groups showed a reduction in the volume of the pulp chamber.

Conclusion

Three consecutive applications of RL and one IRL application can minimize damage to the pulp of bleached teeth, whereas three IRL applications can minimize pulp fibrosis. However, LLLT did not prevent deposition of tertiary dentin.

Clinical relevance

This study describes LLLT protocols capable of minimizing inflammation and maturation of collagen fibers in pulp tissue after dental bleaching. However, the protocols proved insufficient for reducing the formation of tertiary dentin in bleached teeth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Korytowski W, Sarna T (1990) Bleaching of melanin pigments. Role of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide in autooxidation and photoxidation of synthetic dopa-melanin. J Biol Chem 265:12410–12416

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Marson FC, Gonçalves RS, Silva CO, Cintra LT, Pascotto RC, Santos PH, Briso ALF (2015) Penetration of hydrogen peroxide and degradation rate of different bleaching products. Oper Dent 40:72–79

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cintra LTA, Benetti F, Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, Gallinari MO, Rahal V, Briso ALF (2016) Penetration capacity, color alteration and biological response of two in-office bleaching protocols. Braz Dent J 27:169–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Barbosa JG, Benetti F, de Oliveira Gallinari M, Carminatti M, da Silva ABD, Lopes INI, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA (2020) Bleaching gel mixed with MI Paste Plus reduces penetration of H2O2 and damage to pulp tissue and maintains bleaching effectiveness. Clin Oral Investig 24:1299–1309

  5. Costa CAS, Riehl H, Kina JF, Sacono NT, Hebling J (2010) Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 109:e59–e64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Roderjan DA, Stanislawczuk R, Hebling J, Costa CA, Reis A, Loguercio AD (2015) Response of human pulps to different in-office bleaching techniques: preliminary findings. Braz Dent J 26:242–248

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cintra LTA, Benetti F, Facundo ACS, Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, Rahal V, Briso ALF (2013) The number of bleaching sessions influences pulp tissue damage in rat teeth. J Endod 39:1576–1580

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Benetti F, Gomes-Filho JE, Ferreira LL, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Sivieri-Araújo G, Cintra LTA (2017) Hydrogen peroxide induces cell proliferation and apoptosis in pulp of rats after dental bleaching in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 81:103–109

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Benetti F, Gomes-Filho JE, Ferreira LL, Sivieri-Araújo G, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA (2018) Concentration-dependent effect of bleaching agents on the immunolabelling of interleukin-6, interleukin-17 and CD5-positive cells in the dental pulp. Int Endod J 51:789–799

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Seale NS, McIntosh JE, Taylor AN (1981) Pulpal reaction to bleaching of teeth in dogs. J Dent Res 80:948–953

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cintra LTA, Benetti F, Ferreira LL, Rahal V, Ervolino E, Jacinto RC, Gomes Filho JE, Briso ALF (2016) Evaluation of an experimental rat model for comparative studies of bleaching agents. J Appl Oral Sci 24:95–104

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Cintra LTA, Ferreira LL, Benetti F, Gastélum AA, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, Briso ALF (2017) The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model. Int Endod J 50:790–798

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Benetti F, Carminatti M, Ervolino E, Briso ALF, Cintra LTA (2018) The effect of dental bleaching on pulpal tissue response in a diabetic animal model: a study of immunoregulatory cytokines. Int Endod J 51:347–356

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Benetti F, Briso ALF, Carminatti M, de Araújo Lopes JM, Barbosa JG, Ervolino E, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA (2019) The presence of osteocalcin, osteopontin and reactive oxygen species-positive cells in pulp tissue after dental bleaching. Int Endod J 52:665–675

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Benetti F, Briso ALF, de Araújo Lopes JM, Carminatti M, Conti LC, Gallinari MO, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA (2019) In vivo analysis of the presence of heme oxygenase-1, transcription factor Jun-D and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45- cells in the pulp of bleached teeth. Int Endod J 52:1723–1737

  16. Faria-E-Silva AL, Nahsan FP, Fernandes MT, Martins-Filho PR (2015) Effect of preventive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on sensitivity after dental bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 146:87–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Kossatz S, Reis A (2016) Predictive factors on the efficacy and risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity of dental bleaching: a multi regression and logistic analysis. J Dent 45:1–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Charakorn P, Cabanilla LL, Wagner WC, Foong WC, Shaheen J, Pregitzer R, Schneider D (2009) The effect of preoperative ibuprofen on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching. Oper Dent 34:131–135

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sasaki RT, Flório FM, Basting RT (2009) Effect of 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% alpha-tocopherol in different formulations on the shear bond strength of enamel and dentin submitted to a home-use bleaching treatment. Oper Dent 34:746–752

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. May LG, Salvia AC, Souza RO, Michida SM, Valera MC, Takahashi FE, Bottino MA (2010) Effect of sodium ascorbate and the time lapse before cementation after internal bleaching on bond strength between dentin and ceramic. J Prosthodont 19:374–380

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Vargas FDAS, Soares DG, Basso FG, Hebling J (2014) Dose-response and time-course of α-tocoferol mediating the cytoprotection of dental pulp cells against hydrogen peroxide. Braz Dent J 25:367–371

    Google Scholar 

  22. Reddy GK (2004) Photobiological basis and clinical role of low-intensity lasers in biology and medicine. J Clin Laser Med Surg 22:141–150

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Silveira PCL, Streck EL, Pinho RA (2007) Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in wound healing by low-level laser therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B 86:279–282

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Moosavi H, Arjmand N, Ahrari F, Zakeri M, Maleknejad F (2016) Effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth sensitivity induced by in-office bleaching. Lasers Med Sci 31:713–719

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dantas CM, Vivan CL, Ferreira LS, Freitas PM, Marques MM (2010) In vitro effect of low intensity laser on the cytotoxicity produced by substances released by bleaching gel. Braz Oral Res 24:460–466

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lima AF, Ribeiro AP, Basso FG, Bagnato VS, Hebling J, Marchi GM, de Souza Costa CA (2014) Effect of low-level laser therapy on odontoblast-like cells exposed to bleaching agent. Lasers Med Sci 29:1533–1538

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Alencar CM, De Paula BLF, Araújo JLN, Alves EB, De Albuquerque Jassé FF, Silva CM (2018) Effect of low-level laser therapy combined with 5000 parts per million fluoride dentifrice on post bleaching sensitivity: a clinical, randomized, and double-blind study. J Esthet Restor Dent 30:352–359

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Calheiros APC, Moreira MS, Gonçalves F, Aranha ACC, Cunha SR, Steiner-Oliveira C, Eduardo CP, Ramalho KM (2017) Photobiomodulation in the prevention of tooth sensitivity caused by in-office dental bleaching. A randomized placebo preliminary study. Photomed Laser Surg 35:415–420

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. de Paula B, Alencar C, Ortiz M, Couto R, Araújo J, Silva C (2019) Effect of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy combined with potassium nitrate on controlling post-bleaching tooth sensitivity: clinical, randomized, controlled, double-blind, and split-mouth study. Clin Oral Investig 23:2723–2732

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Caviedes-Bucheli J, Ariza-García G, Restrepo-Méndez S, Ríos-Osorio N, Lombana N, Muñoz HR (2008) The effect of tooth bleaching on substance P expression in human dental pulp. J Endod 34:1462–1465

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Benetti F, Lemos CAA, Oliveira Gallinari M, Terayama AM, Briso ALF, Castilho Jacinto R, Sivieri-Araújo G, Cintra LTA (2018) Influence of different types of light on the response of the pulp tissue in dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 22:1825–1837

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Junqueira LC, Montes GS, Sanchez EM (1982) The influence of tissue section thickness on the study of collagen by the Picrosirius-polarization method. Histochemistry 74:153–156

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Martins CM, Sasaki H, Hirai K, Andrada AC, Gomes-Filho JE (2016) Relationship between hypertension and periapical lesion: an in vitro and in vivo study. Braz Oral Res 30:e78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Aghaloo TL, Kang B, Sung EC, Shoff M, Ronconi M, Gotcher JE, Bezouglaia O, Dry SM, Tetradis S (2011) Periodontal disease and bisphosphonates induce osteonecrosis of the jaws in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 26:1871–1882

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Kang SY, Deshpande SS, Donneys A, Rodriguez JJ, Nelson NS, Felice PA, Chepeha DB, Buchman SR (2013) Parathyroid hormone reverses radiation induced hypovascularity in a murine model of distraction osteogenesis. Bone 56:9–15

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Sun Z, Wang L, Peng B (2014) Kinetics of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser 9) expression in experimentally induced periapical lesions. Int Endod J 47:1107–1116

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kalatzis-Sousa NG, Spin-Neto R, Wenzel A, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G (2017) Use of micro-computed tomography for the assessment of periapical lesions in small rodents: a systematic review. Int Endod J 50:352–366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Soares DG, Basso FG, Scheffel DS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA (2015) Responses of human dental pulp cells after application of a low-concentration bleaching gel to enamel. Arch Oral Biol 60:1428–1436

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Louzada LM, Briso ALF, Benetti F, Vieira LB, Castilho Jacinto R, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA (2019) Anti-inflammatory potential of a carvedilol gel in the pulpal tissue of rats after dental bleaching: a histopathological evaluation. J Investig Clin Dent 10:e12401

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Yu HS, Chang KL, Yu CL, Chen JW, Chen GS (1996) Low-energy helium-neon lasers irradiation stimulates interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-8 release from cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 107:593–596

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lubart R, Friedmann H, Sinyakov M, Cohen N, Breibart H (1997) Changes in calcium transport in mammalian sperm motichondria and plasma membranes caused by 780 nm irradiation. Lasers Surg Med 21:493–499

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jori G, Schindl L, Schindl A, Polo N (1996) Novel approaches towards a detailed control of the mechanism and efficiency of photosensitized process in vivo. J Photochem Photobiol A 102:101–107

    Google Scholar 

  43. Moore P, Ridgway TD, Higbee RG, Howard EW, Lucroy MD (2005) Effect of wavelength on low-intensity laser irradiation- stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 36:8–12

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hawkins V, Abrahamse H (2006) Effect of multiple exposures of low-level laser therapy on the cellular responses of wounded human skin fibroblasts. Photomed Laser Surg 24:705–714

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Buchalla W, Attin T (2007) External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser-a systematic review. Dent Mater 23:586–596

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Yamakawa S, Niwa T, Karakida T, Kobayashi K, Yamamoto R, Chiba R, Yamakoshi Y, Hosoya N (2018) Effects of Er:YAG and diode laser irradiation on dental pulp cells and tissues. Int J Mol Sci 19:E2429

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Abrahão IJ, Martins MD, Katayama E, Antoniazzi JH, Segmentilli A, Marques MM (2006) Collagen analysis in human tooth germ papillae. Braz Dent J 17:208–212

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Benetti F, Briso ALF, Ferreira LL, Carminatti M, Álamo L, Ervolino E, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA (2018) In vivo study of the action of a topical anti-inflammatory drug in rat teeth submitted to dental bleaching. Braz Dent J 29:555–561

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Dong J, Ma Q (2017) Osteopontin enhances multi-walled carbon nanotube-triggered lung fibrosis by promoting TGF-β1 activation and myofibroblast differentiation. Part Fibre Toxicol 14:18

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Garrido PR, Pedroni ACF, Cury DP, Moreira MS, Rosin F, Sarra G, Marques MM (2019) Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the extracellular matrix of human dental pulp cell sheets. J Photochem Photobiol B 94:149–157

    Google Scholar 

  51. Pyo SJ, Song WW, Kim IR, Park BS, Kim CH, Shin SH, Chung IK, Kim YD (2013) Low-level laser therapy induces the expressions of BMP-2, osteocalcin, and TGF-β1 in hypoxic-cultured human osteoblasts. Lasers Med Sci 28:543–550

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. de Oliveira LSS, de Araújo AA, de Araújo Júnior RF, Barboza CAG, Borges BCD, da Silva JSP (2017) Low-level laser therapy (780 nm) combined with collagen sponge scaffold promotes repair of rat cranial critical-size defects and increases TGF-β, FGF-2, OPG/RANK and osteocalcin expression. Int J Exp Pathol 98:75–85

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Pinheiro CCG, de Pinho MC, Aranha AC, Fregnani E, Bueno DF (2018) Low power laser therapy: a strategy to promote the osteogenic differentiation of deciduous dental pulp stem cells from cleft lip and palate patients. Tissue Eng Part A 24:569–575

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hebling J, Giro EMA, Costa CAS (1999) Biocompatibility of an adhesive system applied to exposed human dental pulp. J Endod 25:676–682

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Costa CA, Oliveira MF, Giro EM, Hebling J (2003) Biocompatibility of resin-based materials used as pulp-capping agents. In Endod J 36:831–839

    Google Scholar 

  56. Dammaschke T (2010) Rat molar teeth as a study model for direct pulp capping research in dentistry. Lab Anim 44:1–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Sasaki T, Kawamata-Kido H (1995) Providing an environment for reparative dentine induction in amputated rat molar pulp by high molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. Arch Oral Biol 40:209–219

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hunt HR, Rosen S, Hoppert CA (1970) Morphology of molar teeth and occlusion in young rats. J Dent Res 49:508–514

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by a grant (2016/20271-7) from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil and by a grant (311650/2018-0) from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil

    Amanda Miyuki Terayama, Francine Benetti, Juliana Maria de Araújo Lopes, Jéssica Galbiati Barbosa, Isabela Joane Prado Silva, Gustavo Sivieri-Araújo & Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra

  2. Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Francine Benetti

  3. Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil

    André Luiz Fraga Briso

Authors
  1. Amanda Miyuki Terayama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Francine Benetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Juliana Maria de Araújo Lopes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jéssica Galbiati Barbosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Isabela Joane Prado Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Gustavo Sivieri-Araújo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. André Luiz Fraga Briso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. The in vivo (CEUA 00938) study using rat molars was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution in which the study was performed and conducted in accordance with its ethical standards.

Informed consent

For this type of study, informed consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Terayama, A.M., Benetti, F., de Araújo Lopes, J.M. et al. Influence of low-level laser therapy on inflammation, collagen fiber maturation, and tertiary dentin deposition in the pulp of bleached teeth. Clin Oral Invest 24, 3911–3921 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03258-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03258-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation