Skip to main content
Log in

Complex symmetric evolution equations

  • Published:
Analysis and Mathematical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We study certain dynamical systems which leave invariant an indefinite quadratic form via semigroups or evolution families of complex symmetric Hilbert space operators. In the setting of bounded operators we show that a \(\mathcal {C}\)-selfadjoint operator generates a contraction \(C_0\)-semigroup if and only if it is dissipative. In addition, we examine the abstract Cauchy problem for nonautonomous linear differential equations possessing a complex symmetry. In the unbounded operator framework we isolate the class of complex symmetric, unbounded semigroups and investigate Stone-type theorems adapted to them. On Fock space realization, we characterize all \(\mathcal {C}\)-selfadjoint, unbounded weighted composition semigroups. As a byproduct we prove that the generator of a \(\mathcal {C}\)-selfadjoint, unbounded semigroup is not necessarily \(\mathcal {C}\)-selfadjoint.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bagchi, B.: Evolution operator for time-dependent non-hermitian hamiltonians. Lett. High Energy Phys. 1(3), 04–08 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bender, C., Fring, A., Günther, U., Jones, H.: Quantum physics with non-Hermitian operators. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45(44), 440301 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bender, C.M., Boettcher, S.: Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having \({{\cal{P}\cal{T}}}\)-symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(24), 5243 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. de Leeuw, K.: On the adjoint semigroup and some problems in the theory of approximation. Math. Z. 73(3), 219–234 (1960)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. de Morisson Faria, C.F., Fring, A.: Time evolution of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 39(29), 9269 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Engel, K.J., Nagel, R.: One-Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 194. Springer, New York (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Fattorini, H.O.: The Cauchy Problem. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 18. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading (1983)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Feller, W.: Semi-groups of transformations in general weak topologies. Ann. Math. 57, 287–308 (1953)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Garcia, S.R., Prodan, E., Putinar, M.: Mathematical and physical aspects of complex symmetric operators. J. Phys. A 47, 353001 (2014). 54 pp

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Garcia, S.R., Putinar, M.: Complex symmetric operators and applications. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, 1285–1315 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Garcia, S.R., Putinar, M.: Complex symmetric operators and applications II. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 359, 3913–3931 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Hai, P.V.: Unbounded weighted composition operators on Fock space. to appear in Potential Anal. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11118-018-09757-5

  13. Hai, P.V., Khoi, L.H.: Boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators on Fock spaces \({\cal{F}}^p({\mathbb{C}})\). Acta Math. Vietnam. 41, 531–537 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Hai, P.V., Khoi, L.H.: Complex symmetry of weighted composition operators on the Fock space. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 433, 1757–1771 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Hai, P.V., Khoi, L.H.: Complex symmetric \({C}_0\)-semigroups on the Fock space. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 445, 1367–1389 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Hai, P.V., Putinar, M.: Complex symmetric differential operators on Fock space. J. Differ. Equ. 265, 4213–4250 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Hille, E., Phillips, R.S.: Functional Analysis and Semi-groups, vol. 31. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hughes, R.J.: Semigroups of unbounded linear operators in Banach space. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 230, 113–145 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Izuchi, K.H.: Cyclic vectors in the Fock space over the complex plane. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133, 3627–3630 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Jafari, F., Tonev, T., Toneva, E., Yale, K.: Holomorphic flows, cocycles, and coboundaries. Michigan Math. J. 44(2), 239–253 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Kato, T.: Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators. Classics in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin (1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Le, T.: Normal and isometric weighted composition operators on the Fock space. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 46, 847–856 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Miao, Y.G., Xu, Z.M.: Investigation of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in the Heisenberg picture. Phys. Lett. A 380(21), 1805–1810 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Partington, J.R.: Linear Operators and Linear Systems: an Analytical Approach to Control Theory, vol. 60. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. Phillips, R.S.: The adjoint semi-group. Pac. J. Math 5(2), 269–283 (1955)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Schmüdgen, K.: Unbounded Self-adjoint Operators on Hilbert Space. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 265. Springer, Dordrecht (2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  27. Scolarici, G., Solombrino, L.: Time evolution of non-Hermitian quantum systems and generalized master equations. Czech J. Phys. 56(9), 935–941 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Tamilselvan, K., Kanna, T., Khare, A.: A systematic construction of parity-time (\({{\cal{P}\cal{T}}}\))-symmetric and non-\({{\cal{P}\cal{T}}}\)-symmetric complex potentials from the solutions of various real nonlinear evolution equations. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50(41), 415203 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Tucsnak, M., Weiss, G.: Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups. Birkhäuser Advanced Texts: Basel Textbooks. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel (2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Znojil, M.: Non-self-adjoint operators in quantum physics: ideas, people, and trends. In: Non-selfadjoint Operators in Quantum Physics, pp. 7–58. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ (2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the referee for insightful comments on the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pham Viet Hai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hai, P.V., Putinar, M. Complex symmetric evolution equations. Anal.Math.Phys. 10, 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13324-020-00358-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13324-020-00358-3

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation