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Large Chestnut Trees (Castanea sativa) Respond Poorly to Liming and Fertilizer Application

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Abstract

Establishing a fertilization plan for large trees is particularly difficult due to the high soil volume that the roots exploit and the buffer effect of the perennial woody structure on the concentration of nutrients in the leaves. This work evaluates the response of chestnut, a very large tree, to different fertilizer solutions. The study was conducted in two chestnut orchards planted in acid soils that were subjected to the application of lime plus phosphorus (Lime+P), lime plus a compound NPK fertilizer (Lime+NPK), and an unfertilized control (Control). The effects of the treatments on soil properties, nutritional status and photosynthetic performance of the trees, and nut production, were assessed from field and laboratory analyses. Liming significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium (Ca). Treatments did not significantly influence leaf P and K levels, although leaf N concentrations were significantly higher in the Lime+NPK treatment on two of the three sampling dates. In one of the trials, the average accumulated nut yield was higher in the Lime+NPK (71.7 kg tree−1) treatment compared with the control (59.6 kg tree−1) and the Lime+P (51.7 kg tree−1) treatments, although without significant differences at P < 0.05. Overall, the results show the chestnut tree to be a species tolerant of soil acidity. The results also show that the buffer capacity of the plant in regulating the nutrient concentration in the leaves seems to be higher for P than for N, and therefore, concentrations of N in the leaves require the regular application of the nutrient as a fertilizer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2015) and FEADER (The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development) through the project CMP122 - PDR2020-101-030981 – EGIS, Estratégias para uma Gestão Integrada do Solo e da Água em Espécies Produtoras de Frutos Secos. We also thank João Paulo Roxo and Carlos Lopes for allowing the experiments to be conducted on their farms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal

    M. Ângelo Rodrigues, Soraia Raimundo & Margarida Arrobas

  2. ARBOREA – Associação Agro-Florestal e Ambiental da Terra Fria Transmontana, Rua Dr. Álvaro Leite, no. 3, 5320-332, Vinhais, Portugal

    Abel Pereira

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  1. M. Ângelo Rodrigues
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  2. Soraia Raimundo
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  3. Abel Pereira
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  4. Margarida Arrobas
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Correspondence to M. Ângelo Rodrigues.

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Rodrigues, M.Â., Raimundo, S., Pereira, A. et al. Large Chestnut Trees (Castanea sativa) Respond Poorly to Liming and Fertilizer Application. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 1261–1270 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00210-4

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