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Local extirpation is pervasive among historical populations of Galápagos endemic tomatoes

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A Correction to this article was published on 04 May 2020

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Abstract

The Galápagos Islands are home to incredible endemic biodiversity that is of high conservation interest. Two such endemic species are the Galápagos tomatoes: Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense. Both are known from historical location records, but like many endemic plant species on the Galápagos, their current conservation status is unclear. We revisited previously documented sites of endemic species on San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, and Isabela, and document the disappearance of > 80% of these populations. In contrast, we find that two invasive relatives (Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum) are now highly abundant, and in some cases—based on morphological observations—might be hybridizing with endemics. Our findings suggest that expanding human developments and putative interspecific hybridization are among the major factors affecting the prevalence of invasives and the threatened persistence of the endemic populations.

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Change history

  • 04 May 2020

    The affiliation of the second author was incorrectly published in the original article.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Galápagos Science Center staff on San Cristobal for logistic and permitting support and the Galápagos National Park for assistance locating and sampling endemic populations. Additional on-site field support was provided by Marcello Loyola and Genaro Garcia. Roger T. Chetelat provided helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by a United States National Science Foundation award (IOS 1127059) to LCM and the Indiana University Brackenridge award to MJSG. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. All field collections were made with appropriate permits and prior authorization by the Galápagos National Park and Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment. A previous version of this manuscript was posted to BioRXiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/814160).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Matthew J. S. Gibson & Leonie C. Moyle

  2. Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador

    María de Lourdes Torres

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  1. Matthew J. S. Gibson
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  2. María de Lourdes Torres
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  3. Leonie C. Moyle
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MJSG, MLT, and LCM planned the field expeditions. MJSG carried out the field work, phenotyping, and analysis. MJSG wrote the manuscript, with comments from MLT and LCM.

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Correspondence to Matthew J. S. Gibson.

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Gibson, M.J.S., de Lourdes Torres, M. & Moyle, L.C. Local extirpation is pervasive among historical populations of Galápagos endemic tomatoes. Evol Ecol 34, 289–307 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-020-10035-3

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