Abstract
Textile wastewater (TWW) represents a major source of pollution worldwide, carrying high organic loads, recalcitrant azo dyes and engineered nanoparticles (ENP), namely silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The development of cost-efficient, environmentally-friendly TWW treatment solutions is critical. Despite the successful biodecolorization of azo dyes under anaerobic conditions, clear evidence for subsequent aerobic biodegradation of the often toxic breakdown sulfonated aromatic amines is scarce. Moreover, the debatable AgNP toxicity mechanisms, and apparent AgNP retention in activated sludge have raised concerns regarding eventual negative impacts on wastewater treatment efficiency. The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology, which has recently been scaled-up and implemented for the treatment of domestic wastewater and some industrial wastewaters, seems highly promising for TWW treatment, due to the high biomass retention capacity, anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic microenvironments within granules and enhanced tolerance towards high organic loads and toxic compounds. A review of the existing literature on AGS application to TWW treatment is presented, with a focus on the removal of azo dyes and their metabolites and ENP. The applicability of AGS to dye-containing synthetic and real TWW has been tested in different SBR systems. Their hydrodynamic regimens and operational conditions have been optimized, namely regarding granulation, long-term stability, azo dye decolorization and biodegradation of aromatic amines. Although promising results have been published regarding AGS resistance towards ENP (particularly AgNP), their long-term effects on the physical stability, biochemical properties and microbial community of AGS deserve more investigation. Overall, this review provides relevant support for the application of AGS SBRs in TWW treatment as a potential sustainable alternative to avoid the pollution of natural water bodies with synthetic dyes and ENP.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adav SS, Lee D-J, Show K-Y, Tay J-H (2008) Aerobic granular sludge: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 26:411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.002
Balapure K, Bhatt N, Madamwar D (2015) Mineralization of reactive azo dyes present in simulated textile waste water using down flow microaerophilic fixed film bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 175:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.040
Barsing P, Tiwari A, Joshi T, Garg S (2011) Application of a novel bacterial consortium for mineralization of sulphonated aromatic amines. Bioresour Technol 102:765–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.098
Bento JB, Franca RDG, Pinheiro T, Alves LC, Pinheiro HM, Lourenço ND (2017) Using nuclear microscopy to characterize the interaction of textile-used silver nanoparticles with a biological wastewater treatment system. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 404:150–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.01.016
Beun JJ, Hendriks A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Morgenroth E, Wilderer PA, Heijnen JJ (1999) Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Res 33:2283–2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00463-1
Blaser SA, Scheringer M, MacLeod M, Hungerbühler K (2008) Estimation of cumulative aquatic exposure and risk due to silver: contribution of nano-functionalized plastics and textiles. Sci Total Environ 390:396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.010
Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY (2010) Engineered nanoparticles in wastewater and wastewater sludge—evidence and impacts. Waste Manag 30:504–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.012
Chaudhari AU, Paul D, Dhotre D, Kodam KM (2017) Effective biotransformation and detoxification of anthraquinone dye reactive blue 4 by using aerobic bacterial granules. Water Res 122:603–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.005
Choi O, Deng KK, Kim N-J, JrL Ross, Surampalli RY, Hua Z (2008) The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res 42:3066–3074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.021
Çinar Ö, Yaşar S, Kertmen M, Demiröz K, Yigit NÖ, Kitis M (2008) Effect of cycle time on biodegradation of azo dye in sequencing batch reactor. Process Saf Environ Prot 86:455–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2008.03.001
Clara M, Kreuzinger N, Strenn B, Gans O, Kroiss H (2005) The solids retention time—a suitable design parameter to evaluate the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to remove micropollutants. Water Res 39:97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.036
Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Miino MC, Damiania S (2019) Treatments for color removal from wastewater: state of the art. J Environ Manag 236:727–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.094
Dafale N, Wate S, Meshram S, Nandy T (2008) Kinetic study approach of remazol black-B use for the development of two-stage anoxic-oxic reactor for decolorization/biodegradation of azo dyes by activated bacterial consortium. J Hazard Mater 159:319–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.058
Dasgupta J, Sikder J, Chakraborty S, Curcio S, Drioli E (2015) Remediation of textile effluents by membrane based treatment techniques: a state of the art review. J Environ Manag 147:55–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.008
de Kreuk MK, van Loosdrecht MCM (2004) Selection of slow growing organisms as a means for improving aerobic granular sludge stability. Water Sci Technol 49:9–17. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0792
de Kreuk MK, Heijnen JJ, van Loosdrecht MCM (2005) Simultaneous COD, nitrogen, and phosphate removal by aerobic granular sludge. Biotechnol Bioeng 90:761–769. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20470
Delée W, O’Neill C, Hawkes FR, Pinheiro HM (1998) Anaerobic treatment of textile effluents: a review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 73:323–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4660(199812)73:4%3c323:aid-jctb976%3e3.0.co;2-s
dos Santos AB, Cervantes FJ, Van Lier JB (2007) Review paper on current technologies for decoloration of textile wastewaters: perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology. Bioresour Technol 98:2369–2385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.013
Fabrega J, Fawcett SR, Renshaw JC, Lead JR (2009) Silver nanoparticle impact on bacterial growth: effect of pH, concentration, and organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 43:7285–7290. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803259g
Fatima M, Farooq R, Lindström RW, Saeed M (2017) A review on biocatalytic decomposition of azo dyes and electrons recovery. J Mol Liq 246:275–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.063
Field JA, Stams AJM, Kato M, Schraa G (1995) Enhanced biodegradation of aromatic pollutants in cocultures of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial consortia. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek 67:47–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872195
Fitzgerald SW, Bishop PL (1995) Two stage anaerobic/aerobic treatment of sulfonated azo dyes. J Environ Sci Health A30:1251–1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529509376264
Forgacs E, Cserháti T, Oros G (2004) Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ Int 30:953–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001
Forss J, Welander U (2011) Biodegradation of azo and anthraquinone dyes in continuous systems. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:227–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.11.006
Franca RDG, Vieira A, Mata AMT, Carvalho GS, Pinheiro HM, Lourenço ND (2015) Effect of an azo dye on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor treating a simulated textile wastewater. Water Res 85:327–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.043
Franca RDG, Ortigueira J, Pinheiro HM, Lourenço ND (2017) Effect of SBR feeding strategy and feed composition on the stability of aerobic granular sludge in the treatment of a simulated textile wastewater. Water Sci Technol 76:1188–1195. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.300
Franca RDG, Pinheiro HM, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lourenço ND (2018) Stability of aerobic granules during long-term bioreactor operation. Biotechnol Adv 36:228–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.005
Gao J, Zhang Q, Su K, Chen R, Peng Y (2010a) Biosorption of Acid Yellow 17 from aqueous solution by non-living aerobic granular sludge. J Hazard Mater 174:215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.039
Gao JF, Zhang Q, Su K, Wang JH (2010b) Competitive biosorption of Yellow 2G and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G onto inactive aerobic granules: simultaneous determination of two dyes by first-order derivative spectrophotometry and isotherm studies. Bioresour Technol 101:5793–5801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.039
Geyik AG, Çeçen F (2016) Exposure of activated sludge to nanosilver and silver ion: inhibitory effects and binding to the fractions of extracellular polymeric substances. Bioresour Technol 211:691–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.157
Ghaly AE, Ananthashankar R, Alhattab M, Ramakrishnan VV (2014) Production, characterization and treatment of textile effluents: a critical review. J Chem Eng Process Technol 5:1–18. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7048.1000182
Gu L, Li Q, Quan X, Cen Y, Jiang X (2014) Comparison of nanosilver removal by flocculent and granular sludge and short- and long-term inhibition impacts. Water Res 58:62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.028
Hailei W, Ping L, Guosheng L, Xin L, Jianming Y (2010) Rapid biodecolourization of eriochrome black T wastewater by bioaugmented aerobic granules cultivated through a specific method. Enzyme Microb Technol 47:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.03.011
Haug W, Schmidt A, Nörtemann B, Hempel DC, Stolz A, Knackmuss HJ (1991) Mineralization of sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate-degrading bacterial consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:3144–3149
He Q, Gao S, Zhang S, Zhang W, Wang H (2017a) Chronic responses of aerobic granules to zinc oxide nanoparticles in a sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal. Bioresour Technol 238:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.010
He Q, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zou Z, Wang H (2017b) Insight into the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on aerobic granular sludge under shock loading. Chemosphere 173:411–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.085
Hisaindee S, Meetani MA, Rauf MA (2013) Application of LC-MS to the analysis of advanced oxidation process (AOP) degradation of dye products and reaction mechanisms. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 49:31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.011
Holkar CR, Jadhav AJ, Pinjari DV, Mahamuni NM, Pandit AB (2016) A critical review on textile wastewater treatments: possible approaches. J Environ Manag 182:351–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.090
Hong Y, Guo J, Xu Z, Mo C, Xu M, Sun G (2007) Reduction and partial degradation mechanisms of naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye amaranth by Shewanella decolorationis S12. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75:647–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-0838-7
Hoque ME, Khosravi K, Newman K, Metcalfe CD (2012) Detection and characterization of silver nanoparticles in aqueous matrices using asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1233:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.011
Hou L, Li K, Ding Y, Li Y, Chen J, Wu X, Li X (2012) Removal of silver nanoparticles in simulated wastewater treatment processes and its impact on COD and NH4 reduction. Chemosphere 87:248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.042
Huang X, Wei D, Yan L, Du B, Wei Q (2018) High-efficient biosorption of dye wastewater onto aerobic granular sludge and photocatalytic regeneration of biosorbent by acid TiO2 hydrosol. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:27606–27613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2800-x
Huangfu X, Xu Y, Liu C, He Q, Ma J, Ma C (2019) A review on the interactions between engineered nanoparticles with extracellular and intracellular polymeric substances from wastewater treatment aggregates. Chemosphere 219:766–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.044
Ibrahim Z, Amin MFM, Yahya A, Aris A, Muda K (2010) Characteristics of developed granules containing selected decolourising bacteria for the degradation of textile wastewater. Water Sci Technol 61:1279–1288. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.021
Impellitteri CA, Harmon S, Silva RG, Miller BW, Scheckel KG, Luxton TP, Schupp D, Panguluri S (2013) Transformation of silver nanoparticles in fresh, aged, and incinerated biosolids. Water Res 47:3878–3886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.041
Işik M, Sponza DT (2003) Aromatic amine degradation in a UASB/CSTR sequential system treating Congo Red dye. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 38:2301–2315. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120023387
Işik M, Sponza DT (2004) Monitoring of toxicity and intermediates of C.I. Direct Black 38 azo dye through decolorization in an anaerobic/aerobic sequential reactor system. J Hazard Mater 114:29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.06.011
Işık M, Sponza DT (2004) Anaerobic/aerobic sequential treatment of a cotton textile mill wastewater. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 79:1268–1274. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1122
Işık M, Sponza DT (2008) Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a simulated textile wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 60:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.07.043
Jeong E, Im W, Kim D, Kim M, Kang S, Shin H, Chae S (2014) Different susceptibilities of bacterial community to silver nanoparticles in wastewater treatment systems. J Environ Sci Heal A 49:685–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.865454
Jonstrup M, Kumar N, Murto M, Mattiasson B (2011) Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of azo dyes: decolourisation and amine degradability. Desalination 280:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.022
Juárez-Ramírez C, Velázquez-García R, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Galíndez-Mayer J, Ramos MO (2012) Degradation kinetics of 4-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid by a biofilm-forming bacterial consortium under carbon and nitrogen limitations. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 39:1169–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-012-1123-z
Kaegi R, Voegelin A, Ort C, Sinnet B, Thalmann B, Krismer J, Hagendorfer H, Elumelu M, Mueller E (2013) Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in urban wastewater systems. Water Res 47:3866–3877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.060
Kalyuzhnyi S, Sklyar V, Mosolova T, Kucherenko I, Russkova JA, Degtyaryova N (2000) Methanogenic biodegradation of aromatic amines. Water Sci Technol 42:363–370. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0536
Kee TC, Bay HH, Lim CK, Muda K, Ibrahim Z (2014) Development of bio-granules using selected mixed culture of decolorizing bacteria for the treatment of textile wastewater. Desalin Water Treat 54:132–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.877853
Khehra MS, Saini HS, Sharma DK, Chadha BS, Chimni SS (2006) Biodegradation of azo dye C.I. Acid Red 88 by an anoxic—aerobic sequential bioreactor. Dye Pigment 70:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.12.021
King SM, Jarvie H, Bowes M, Gozzard E, Lawlor A, Lawrence MJ (2015) Exploring controls on the fate of PVP-capped silver nanoparticles in primary wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Nano 2:177–190. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4en00151f
Kodam KM, Kolekar YM (2014) Bacterial degradation of textile dyes. In: Singh SN (ed) Microbial degradation of synthetic dyes in wastewaters, environmental science and engineering. Springer, Cham, pp 243–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10942-8
Kolekar YM, Nemade HN, Markad VL, Adav SS, Patole MS, Kodam KM (2012) Decolorization and biodegradation of azo dye, reactive blue 59 by aerobic granules. Bioresour Technol 104:818–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.046
Koupaie EH, Moghaddam MRA, Hashemi SH (2011) Post-treatment of anaerobically degraded azo dye Acid Red 18 using aerobic moving bed biofilm process: enhanced removal of aromatic amines. J Hazard Mater 195:147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.017
Koupaie EH, Moghaddam MRA, Hashemi SH (2013) Evaluation of integrated anaerobic/aerobic fixed-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor for decolorization and biodegradation of azo dye Acid Red 18: comparison of using two types of packing media. Bioresour Technol 127:415–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.003
Kudlich M, Bishop P, Knackmuss HJ, Stolz A (1996) Simultaneous anaerobic and aerobic degradation of the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by immobilized cells from a naphthalenesulfonate-degrading mixed culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46:597–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050867
Kudlich M, Hetheridge MJ, Knackmuss HJ, Stolz A (1999) Autoxidation reactions of different aromatic o-aminohydroxynaphthalenes that are formed during the anaerobic reduction of sulfonated azo dyes. Environ Sci Technol 33:896–901. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9808346
Langford KH, Scrimshawa MD, Birkettb JW, Lestera JN (2005) Degradation of nonylphenolic surfactants in activated sludge batch tests. Water Res 39:870–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.033
Levard C, Hotze EM, Lowry GV, JrGE Brown (2012) Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity. Environ Sci Technol 46:6900–6914. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2037405
Li L, Hartmann G, Döblinger M, Schuster M (2013) Quantification of nanoscale silver particles removal and release from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Germany. Environ Sci Technol 47:7317–7323. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3041658
Li J, Ding LB, Cai A, Huang GX, Horn H (2014) Aerobic sludge granulation in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor. BioMed Res Int Article ID 268789, 12 p. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/268789
Li B, Huang W, Zhang C, Feng S, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Sugiura N (2015) Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on aerobic granulation of algal–bacterial symbiosis system and nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater. Bioresour Technol 187:214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.118
Liang Z, Atreyee D, Zhiqiang H (2010) Bacterial response to a shock load of nanosilver in an activated sludge treatment system. Water Res 44:5432–5438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.060
Libra JA, Borchert M, Vigelahn L, Storm T (2004) Two stage biological treatment of a diazo reactive textile dye and the fate of the dye metabolites. Chemosphere 56:167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.012
Liu J, Li J, Tao Y, Sellamuthu B, Walsh R (2017) Analysis of bacterial, fungal and archaeal populations from a municipal wastewater treatment plant developing an innovative aerobic granular sludge process. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2179-0
Lotito AM, Di Iaconi C, Lotito V (2012a) Physical characterisation of the sludge produced in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor. Water Res 46:5316–5326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.053
Lotito AM, Fration U, Mancini A, Bergna G, Di Iaconi C (2012b) Effective aerobic granular sludge treatment of a real dyeing textile wastewater. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 69:62–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.01.004
Lotito AM, Sanctis MD, Di Iaconi C, Bergna G (2014) Textile wastewater treatment: aerobic granular sludge vs activated sludge systems. Water Res 54:337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.055
Lourenço ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM (2000) Reactive textile dye color removal in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Sci Technol 42:321–328. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0531
Lourenço ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM (2001) Effect of some operational parameters on textile dye biodegradation in a sequential batch reactor. J Biotechnol 89:163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(01)00313-3
Lourenço ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM (2003) Analysis of secondary metabolite fate during anaerobic-aerobic azo dye biodegradation in a sequential batch reactor. Environ Technol 24:679–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385603
Lourenço ND, Novais JM, Pinheiro HM (2009) Treatment of colored textile wastewater in SBR with emphasis on the biodegradation of sulfonated aromatic amines. Water Pract Tech 4:1–8. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2009.055
Lourenço ND, Franca RDG, Moreira MA, Gil FN, Viegas CA, Pinheiro HM (2015) Comparing aerobic granular sludge and flocculent sequencing batch reactor technologies for textile wastewater treatment. Biochem Eng J 104:57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.025
Loza K, Diendorf J, Sengstock C, Ruiz-Gonzalez L, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Vallet-Regi M, Köller M, Epple M (2014) The dissolution and biological effects of silver nanoparticles in biological media. J Mater Chem B 2:1634–1643. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21569e
Ma D-Y, Wang X-H, Song C, Wang S-G, Fan M-H, Li X-M (2011) Aerobic granulation for methylene blue biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor. Desalination 276:233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.055
Manavi N, Kazemi AS, Bonakdarpour B (2017) The development of aerobic granules from conventional activated sludge under anaerobic-aerobic cycles and their adaptation for treatment of dyeing wastewater. Chem Eng J 312:375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.155
Mata AMT, Pinheiro HM, Lourenço ND (2015) Effect of sequencing batch cycle strategy on the treatment of a simulated textile wastewater with aerobic granular sludge. Biochem Eng J 104:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.005
Moghaddam SS, Moghaddam MRA (2016) Aerobic granular sludge for dye biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor with anaerobic/aerobic cycles. CLEAN Soil Air Water 44:438–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400855
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramirez JT, Yacaman MJ (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16:2346–2353. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/059
Muda K, Aris A, Salim MR, Ibrahim Z, Yahya A, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Ahmad A, Nawahwi MZ (2010) Development of granular sludge for textile wastewater treatment. Water Res 44:4341–4350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.023
Muda K, Aris A, Salim MR, Ibrahim Z, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ahmad A, Nawahwi MZ (2011) The effect of hydraulic retention time on granular sludge biomass in treating textile wastewater. Water Res 45:4711–4721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.012
Muda K, Aris A, Salim MR, Ibrahim Z, Yahya A (2012) Textile wastewater treatment using biogranules under intermittent anaerobic/aerobic reaction phase. JWET 10:303–315. https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.2012.303
Nancharaiah YV, Reddy GKK (2018) Aerobic granular sludge technology: mechanisms of granulation and biotechnological applications. Bioresour Technol 247:1128–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131
Nancharaiah YV, Sarvajith M (2019) Aerobic granular sludge process: a fast growing biological treatment for sustainable wastewater treatment. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 12:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.09.011
Nel AE, Mädler L, Velegol D, Xia T, Hoek EM, Somasundaran P, Klaessig F, Castranova V, Thompson M (2009) Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface. Nat Mater 8:543–557. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2442
Nimkar U (2018) Sustainable chemistry: a solution to the textile industry in a developing world. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 9:13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.11.002
Nortemann B, Baumgarten J, Rast HG, Knackmuss HJ (1986) Bacterial communities degrading amino- and hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonates. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:1195–1202
O’Neill C, Lopez A, Esteves S, Hawkes FR, Hawkes DL, Wilcox S (2000) Azo-dye degradation in an anaerobic-aerobic treatment system operating on simulated textile effluent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:249–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050016
Pandey A, Singh P, Iyengar L (2007) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 59:73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.08.006
Paździor K, Klepacz-Smółka A, Ledakowicz S, Sójka-Ledakowicz J, Zyłła R (2009) Integration of nanofiltration and biological degradation of textile wastewater containing azo dye. Chemosphere 75:250–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.016
Pearce CI, Lloyd JR, Guthrie JT (2003) The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes Pigm 58:179–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(03)00064-0
Pereira L, Mondal PK, Alves M (2015) Aromatic amines sources, environmental impact and remediation. In: Lichtfouse E, Schwarzbauer J, Robert D (eds) Pollutants in buildings, water and living organisms. Environmental chemistry for a sustainable world, vol 7. Springer, Cham
Peretyazhko TS, Zhang Q, Colvin VL (2014) Size-controlled dissolution of silver nanoparticles at neutral and acidic pH conditions: kinetics and size changes. Environ Sci Technol 48:11954–11961. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5023202
Pinheiro HM, Touraud E, Thomas O (2004) Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters. Dyes Pigment 61:121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2003.10.009
Pronk M, de Kreuk MK, de Bruin B, Kamminga P, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM (2015) Full-scale performance of the aerobic granular sludge process for sewage treatment. Water Res 84:207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.011
Quan X, Cen Y, Lu F, Gu L, Ma J (2015) Response of aerobic granular sludge to the long-term presence to nanosilver in sequencing batch reactors: reactor performance, sludge property, microbial activity and community. Sci Total Environ 506–507:226–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.015
Radetić M (2013) Functionalization of textile materials with silver nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 48:95–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6677-7
Raman CD, Kanmani S (2016) Textile dye degradation using nano zero valent iron: a review. J Environ Manag 177:341–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.034
Rangabhashiyam S, Anu N, Selvaraju N (2013) Sequestration of dye from textile industry wastewater using agricultural waste products as adsorbents. J Environ Chem Eng 1:629–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.014
Rawat D, Mishra V, Sharma RS (2016) Detoxification of azo dyes in the context of environmental processes. Chemosphere 155:591–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.068
Razo-Flores E, Luijten M, Donlon B, Lettinga G, Field J (1997) Biodegradation of selected azo dyes under methanogenic conditions. Water Sci Technol 36:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00508-8
Rezić I (2011) Determination of engineered nanoparticles on textiles and in textile wastewaters. Trends Anal Chem 30:1159–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.02.017
Rollemberg SLS, Barros ARM, Milen Firmino PI, dos Santos AB (2018) Aerobic granular sludge: cultivation parameters and removal mechanisms. Bioresour Technol 270:678–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.130
Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2011) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: a review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 42:138–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.08.006
Sarayu K, Sandhya S (2012) Current technologies for biological treatment of textile wastewater—a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 167:645–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9716-6
Sarvajith M, Reddy GKK, Nancharaiah Y (2018) Textile dye biodecolourization and ammonium removal over nitrite in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors. J Hazard Mater 342:536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.064
Sen SK, Raut S, Bandyopadhyaya P, Raut S (2016) Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: a review. Fungal Biol Rev 30:112–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2016.06.003
Shaw CB, Carliell CM, Wheatley AD (2002) Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of coloured textile effluents using sequencing batch reactors. Water Res 36:1993–2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00392-X
Sheng Z, Liu Y (2011) Effects of silver nanoparticles on wastewater biofilms. Water Res 45:6039–6050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.065
Sheng ZY, Liu Y (2017) Potential impacts of silver nanoparticles on bacteria in the aquatic environment. J Environ Manag 191:290–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.028
Sheng Z, Van Nostrand JD, Zhou J, Liu Y (2015) The effects of silver nanoparticles on intact wastewater biofilms. Front Microbiol 6, Article 680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.065
Sheng ZW, Nostrand JDV, Zhou JZ, Liu Y (2018) Contradictory effects of silver nanoparticles on activated sludge wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 341:448–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.051
Singh RL, Singh PK, Singh RP (2015) Enzymatic decolorization and degradation of azo dyes—a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 104:21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.04.027
Solís M, Solís A, Pérez HI, Manjarrez N, Flores M (2012) Microbial decolouration of azo dyes: a review. Process Biochem 47:1723–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.08.014
Spagni A, Grilli S, Casu S, Mattioli D (2010) Treatment of a simulated textile wastewater containing the azo-dye reactive orange 16 in an anaerobic-biofilm anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64:676–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.08.004
Sponza DT, Işik M (2005) Toxicity and intermediates of C.I. Direct Red 28 dye through sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment. Process Biochem 40:2735–2744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.12.016
Sponza DT, Işık M (2002) Decolorization and azo dye degradation by anaerobic/aerobic sequential process. Enzyme Microb Technol 31:102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00081-9
Sponza DT, Işık M (2005) Reactor performances and fate of aromatic amines through decolorization of Direct Black 38 dye under anaerobic/aerobic sequentials. Process Biochem 40:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.030
Stolz A (2001) Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:69–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100686
Stolz A, Knackmuss HJ (1993) Bacterial metabolism of 5-aminosalicylic acid enzymic conversion to L-malate, pyruvate and ammonia. J Gen Microbiol 139:1019–1025. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-5-1019
Suja E, Nancharaiah YV, Venugopalan VP (2014) Biogenic nanopalladium production by self-immobilized granular biomass: application for contaminant remediation. Water Res 65:395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.005
Tan NCG, Lettinga G, Field JA (1999a) Reduction of the azo dye Mordant Orange 1 by methanogenic granular sludge exposed to oxygen. Bioresour Technol 67:35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00098-X
Tan NCG, Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Opsteeg JL, Lettinga G, Field JA (1999b) Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51:865–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051475
Tan NCG, Slenders P, Svitelskaya A, Lettinga G, Field JA (2000) Degradation of azo dye Mordant Yellow 10 in a sequential anaerobic and bioaugmented aerobic bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 42:337–344. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0533
Tan NCG, Van Leeuwen A, Van Voorthuizen EM, Slenders P, Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Temmink H, Lettinga G, Field JA (2005) Fate and biodegradability of sulfonated aromatic amines. Biodegradation 16:527–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-004-6593-x
Tang J, Wu Y, Esquivel-Elizondo S, Sørensen SJ, Rittmann BE (2018) How microbial aggregates protect against nanoparticle toxicity. Trends Biotechnol 36:1171–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.06.009
Vajnhandl S, Valh JV (2014) The status of water reuse in European textile sector. J Environ Manag 141:29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.014
van der Zee FP, Villaverde S (2005) Combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment of azo dyes—a short review of bioreactor studies. Water Res 39:1425–1440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.007
Verma AK, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2012) A review on chemical coagulation/flocculation technologies for removal of colour from textile wastewaters. J Environ Manag 93:154–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.09.012
Wei D, Wang BF, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Han F, Wang XD, Du B, Wei Q (2015) Role of extracellular polymeric substances in biosorption of dye wastewater using aerobic granular sludge. Bioresour Technol 185:14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.084
Windler L, Height M, Nowack B (2013) Comparative evaluation of antimicrobials for textile applications. Environ Int 53:62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.010
Winkler M-KH, Kleerebezem R, de Bruin LMM, Verheijen PJT, Abbas B, Habermacher J, van Loosdrecht MCM (2013) Microbial diversity differences within aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge flocs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:7447–7458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4472-7
Xia J, Ye L, Ren H, Zhang X-X (2018) Microbial community structure and function in aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:3967–3979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8905-9
Xiao Y, Wiesner MR (2013) Transport and retention of selected engineered nanoparticles by porous media in the presence of a biofilm. Environ Sci Technol 47:2246–2253. https://doi.org/10.1021/es304501n
You SJ, Teng JY (2009) Performance and dye-degrading bacteria isolation of a hybrid membrane process. J Hazard Mater 172:172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.149
Yu S, Yin Y, Zhou X, Dong L, Liu J (2016) Transformation kinetics of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in aquatic environments revealed by double stable isotope labeling. Environ Sci Nano 3:883–893. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6en00104a
Yuan Z, Yang X, Hu A, Yu C (2015) Long-term impacts of silver nanoparticles in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor system. Chem Eng J 276:83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.059
Zhang C, Liang Z, Hu Z (2014) Bacterial response to a continuous long-term exposure of silver nanoparticles at sub-ppm silver concentrations in a membrane bioreactor activated sludge system. Water Res 50:350–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.047
Zhang C, Hu Z, Li P, Gajaraj S (2016a) Governing factors affecting the impacts of silver nanoparticles on wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 572:852–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.145
Zhang Y, Li J, Li W, Chen G (2016b) Utilization of inactivated aerobic granular sludge as a potential adsorbent for the removal of sunset yellow FCF. Desalin Water Treat 57:7334–7344. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1019372
Zhang W, Xiao B, Fang T (2018a) Chemical transformation of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments: mechanism, morphology and toxicity. Chemosphere 191:324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.016
Zhang ZZ, Cheng YF, Xu LZJ, Bai YH, Jin RC (2018b) Anammox granules show strong resistance to engineered silver nanoparticles during long-term exposure. Bioresour Technol 259:10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.024
Zheng YM, Yu HQ, Sheng GP (2005) Physical and chemical characteristics of granular activated sludge from a sequencing batch airlift reactor. Process Biochem 40:645–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.056
Acknowledgements
This work was financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the project PTDC/AAG-TEC/4501/2014 (national funds, PIDDAC Program), the funding received by iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (UID/BIO/04565/2013) and by UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UID/Multi/04378/2019). R.D.G. Franca acknowledges the financial support from FCT (national funds, PIDDAC Program), through a doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/95415/2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Franca, R.D.G., Pinheiro, H.M. & Lourenço, N.D. Recent developments in textile wastewater biotreatment: dye metabolite fate, aerobic granular sludge systems and engineered nanoparticles. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 19, 149–190 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09526-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09526-0