Performance evaluation of SCM–WDM-HAN communication link using millimeter waves in the presence of XPM

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164580

Optik

Volume 209, May 2020, 164580

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164580 Get rights and content

Highlights

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We have achieved a transmission length of 3.5 km with V band (40-75GHz) in SCM–WDM–HAN using coupled equations and a transmission length of 2.5 km with W band (75-110GHz) in SCM–WDM–HAN using coupled equations.
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In literature no authors claim to have achieved a transmission length of more than 3km with V band and 2km with W band.
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Authors have used Schrodinger equation to evaluate XPM crosstalk in SCM–WDM–HAN using millimeter waves.
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Coupled equations are being used first time to evaluate XPM crosstalk in SCM–WDM–HAN using millimeter waves.
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Findings of article will be helpful in deployment of 5G and 6G optical networks.

Abstract

In this article, coupled equations are being used to evaluate XPM induced crosstalk in SCM–WDM–HAN communication link using millimeter waves. Millimeter waves are having very high frequency (of the order of THz) and short wavelength (of the order of millimeter). Information carrying capacity of a carrier wave is directly proportional to its frequency, therefore using millimeter waves as a carrier can meet the relentless demand of customers for higher and higher data speed but these millimeter waves are drastically attenuated by atmosphere therefore optical fibers as a transmission medium are being explored. These millimeter waves are being extensively explored for use in 5 G telecommunication network as carrier waves therefore an attempt has been made to deal with high frequency waves and it is concluded that XPM induced crosstalk increases with increase both in transmission length and modulation frequencies. We have achieved transmission length of 3.5 km with V band (40−75 GHz) and 2.5 km with W band (75−110 GHz) in SCM–WDM–HAN link using coupled equations. It is found that XPM crosstalk is -28.04, -22.48, -16.57, -12.51 and -9.51 dB at the transmission length of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 km at 75 GHz and XPM crosstalk is -20.2, -14.21, -9.56, -6.55 and -3.02 dB at the transmission length of .5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 km at 110 GHz.

Introduction

Now a day consumers want faster speed, secure and reliable data services. The fifth generation (5 G) wireless networks which are at their initial stage of development and deployment, are going to deliver what today’s customer wants from the network providers. Network engineers have been working in an indefatigable manner to chalk out final form of fifth generation (5 G) optical networks and they have been tirelessly working on using millimeter waves to cope up with customer’s relentless demand for higher and higher bandwidth. Millimeter waves are the waves which have very high frequencies of the orders of tens of gigahertz and small wavelength of the order of few millimeters. One of the drawbacks of using millimeter wave is, it gets severely attenuated and distorted due to absorption of these waves by rain drops or foliage. Millimeter wave cannot go through the buildings and the structures. Using low loss, high security and economically viable optical fibers for the transport of millimeter waves for short distances can be the solution to the problem. Transporting millimeter waves through optical fiber for short distances in home access network (HAN) is a profitable, rational and pragmatic approach. Customer today wants a fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) broad band connection. FTTH is deemed as the much-anticipated replacement of high loss, low bandwidth coaxial cables. For implementation of FTTH a passive optical network (PON) is prerequisite. Sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) is promising multiplexing technique which can be used for transporting millimeter waves over PON [1]. Using SCM in conjunction with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is one of the methods to increase information carrying capacity over PON [2]. But non-linear effect such as XPM severely affects the performance of SCM-WDM communication system and it arises due to dispersive nature of an optical fiber. XPM causes power to transfers between adjacent channels which leads to non-linear crosstalk. Group velocity dispersion (GVD) converts phase crosstalk into intensity crosstalk [3]. The effect of GVD and XPM in SCM–WDM systems has been analyzed and it is observed that XPM crosstalk increases with modulation frequency and input optical power [4]. The impact of XPM crosstalk with higher order dispersion(HOD) has been analyzed and it was shown that as order of dispersion coefficient decreases the XPM induced crosstalk increases [5,6]. The impact of XPM crosstalk in SCM-WDM transmission system using both Schrödinger and coupled equations with 2OD coefficients has been examined and it has been shown that XPM crosstalk increases with increase in modulation frequency [7]. The effect of XPM crosstalk due to 3OD coefficient in SCM-WDM transmission link has been studied using coupled and Schrödinger equations. It is shown that XPM crosstalk increases from (-95 dB to-73 dB) and (-117 dB to-86 dB) using coupled and Schrödinger equations respectively when modulation frequency increases from 0.5 to 5 GHz. It was shown that XPM crosstalk due to 3OD coefficient increases with transmission distance and input optical power [8]. XPM crosstalk due to 2OD coefficient in SCM–WDM–HAN link using Schrödinger equation in the presence of millimeter waves has been explored and it is reported that XPM crosstalk increases with transmission distance and modulation frequency. A transmission length of 3.0 km with V band (40−75 GHz) and 2.0 km with W band (75−110 GHz) using Schrödinger equation in SCM–WDM–HAN link has been achieved [9]. In this article, we have used coupled equations instead of Schrödinger equation for evaluating XPM crosstalk in SCM–WDM-HAN link using millimeter waves. We have achieved a transmission length of 3.5 km with V band (40−75 GHz) and 2.5 km with W band (75−110 GHz) in SCM–WDM–HAN using coupled equations. XPM crosstalk is analyzed in a SCM–WDM communication system at different modulation frequencies, transmission lengths and optical powers for variety of fiber. It has been observed that standard single mode fiber (SMF) exhibits minimum XPM crosstalk while dispersion compensation fiber shows maximum crosstalk [10]. The impact of 2OD and 3OD coefficients over stimulated Raman scattering and XPM induced crosstalk in SCM-WDM transmission system is investigated. It is noticed that there has been a significant impact of 2OD and 3OD coefficients on the SRS and XPM crosstalk in a SCM-WDM transmission system [11]. The impact of crosstalk in a SCM-WDM communication link due to XPM has been analyzed. Results show that the XPM crosstalk in SCM-WDM link is directly proportional to the transmission distance and inversely proportional to the channel spacing [12].

Section snippets

Two coupled equations

In this work, two WDM channels have been considered and each optical carrier is being modulated by distinct subcarriers. Subcarriers have different phases and modulation indices. Coupled equations describing XPM can be written as $\frac{\partial A_{1}}{\partial Z} + \frac{1}{V_{g_{1}}} \frac{\partial A_{1}}{\partial t} = (- j γ P_{2} - \frac{α}{2}) A_{1}$ $\frac{\partial A_{2}}{\partial Z} + \frac{1}{V_{g_{2}}} \frac{\partial A_{2}}{\partial t} = (- j γ P_{1} - \frac{α}{2}) A_{2}$ Here $A_{i} (z, t), i = 1,2$ represents amplitude of each optical carrier, $γ$ is nonlinearity coefficient, $V_{g_{i},} i = 1,2$ represents the group velocity of each wave, $α$ is known as absorption coefficient.

The following simple

Outcomes

XPM crosstalk is being evaluated at different transmission lengths and modulation frequencies. While reporting the results, different parameters have been assigned values as: $p_{c} = 7 d B m$ , $Δ λ = 0.6 n m$ , $α = . 24 d B / k m$ $λ_{1} = 1551 n m$ , $λ_{2} = 1551.6 n m,$ $D = 17 p s / (n m . k m)$ , $D_{1} = . 086 p s / (n m . k m)$ , $γ = 0.00089 / m W$ .

From fig.1 it is clear that XPM induced crosstalk varies from (-37 to -28.04), (-31.53 to -22.48), (-25.44 to -16.57), (-21.49 to -12.51) and (-18.5to -9.51) dB in transmission distances of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 km at

Conclusions

Coupled equations have been used for the purpose of investigation of XPM crosstalk in SCM–WDM–HAN using millimeter waves. It is found that XPM crosstalk increases both with increase in transmission length and modulation frequency. XPM crosstalk is -28.04, -22.48, -16.57, -12.51 and -9.51 dB in the transmission length of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 km at 75 GHz and XPM crosstalk is -20.2, -14.21, -9.56, -6.55 and -3.02 dB in the transmission length of .5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 km at 110 GHz.

Summary statement

We have used coupled equations to evaluate XPM induced crosstalk using millimeter waves. Millimeter waves are having very high frequency (of the order of THz) and short wavelength (of the order of millimeter). Information carrying capacity of a carrier wave is directly proportional to its frequency, therefore using millimeter waves as a carrier can meet the relentless demand of customers for higher and higher speed but these millimeter waves are drastically attenuated by atmosphere therefore

Funding

No funding has been received for carrying out this work.

Declaration of Competing Interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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N. Kumar et al.
XPM-induced crosstalk with higher-order dispersion in SCM–WDM optical transmission link, Optik Int
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N. Kumar et al.
Improved XPM-induced crosstalk with higher-order dispersion in SCM–WDM optical transmission link
Optik
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V. Singh et al.
Comparative analysis of XPM-induced crosstalk in SCM-WDM transmission links
Opt Quant Electron
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V. Singh et al.
Comparative study of XPM-induced crosstalk due to 3OD parameter in SCM-WDM transmission system
Optik
(2019)
N. Kumar et al.
XPM-induced crosstalk with variety of fiber in SCM–WDM optical transmission link
Optik
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S.K. Arya et al.
Impact of 2OD and 3OD on SRS-and XPM-induced crosstalk in SCM-WDM optical transmission link
Optik
(2009)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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Short notePerformance evaluation of SCM–WDM-HAN communication link using millimeter waves in the presence of XPM

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Two coupled equations

Outcomes

Conclusions

Summary statement

Funding

Declaration of Competing Interest

J. Light Electron Opt.

Optik

Opt Quant Electron

Optik

Optik

Optik

Short note
Performance evaluation of SCM–WDM-HAN communication link using millimeter waves in the presence of XPM