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Interference of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2019

Sudheesh Manalil Open the ORCID record for Sudheesh Manalil [Opens in a new window] ,
Hafiz Haider Ali  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Sudheesh Manalil
Affiliation:
Honorary Associate Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Gatton, Queensland, Australia Adjunct Lecturer, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, Australia Professor, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
Hafiz Haider Ali
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract

Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) is a broadleaf weed that is increasing in prevalence in the northern cropping regions of Australia. Being a member of Asteraceae family, this weed possesses many biological attributes needed to thrive in varying environments and under differing weed management pressures. Interference of this weed in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was examined through field studies in 2016 and 2017. Different densities of S. oleraceus were evaluated for their potential to cause yield loss in wheat: 0.0 (weed-free), low (9 to 15 plants m−2), medium (29 to 38 plants m−2), and high (62 to 63 plants m−2). Based on the exponential decay model, 43 and 52 plants m−2 caused a yield reduction of 50% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Yield components such as panicles per square meter and grains per panicle were affected by weed density. At the high weed infestation level, S. oleraceus produced a maximum of 182,940 and 192,657 seeds m−2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Sonchus oleraceus exhibited poor seed retention at harvest, as more than 95% of seeds were blown away by wind. Adverse effects on crop, high seed production, and wind-blown dispersal may lead to an increased prevalence of this weed in the absence of an integrated weed management strategy utilizing both herbicides and nonchemical options.

Keywords

Biologyseed productionseed retentionweed competition
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 98 - 103
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Carlene Chase, University of Florida

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