Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effectiveness of coaxial surface junction thermal probe for transient measurements through laser based heat flux assessment

  • Original
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The transient temperature measurements and subsequent prediction of heat flux are prime requirements to quantify instantaneous heat transfer characteristics in short duration unsteady flow phenomena. Coaxial surface junction thermocouples (CSJT) are efficient laboratory tools that can cater both the requirements of measuring continuous as well as instantaneous temperatures. In addition, they have the capability of fast response behaviour for the measurement of transient temperature even in harsh environments. Ease of fabrication process, robustness and cost effectiveness are some of the advantages of CSJTs over its counterparts. The present investigations mainly focus on CSJT as a potential “heat flux sensor” for short duration experiments. For this purpose, an E-type probe (3.25 mm diameter and 10 mm long) was prepared in-house. The fabrication process involves intentional plastic deformation between the two metallic thermo-elements of the probe to achieve a sensing junction of 20 μm. The characterization and quality of the sensing surface is supported through Electron Discharge X-ray (EDX) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) studies. The probe was exposed to a continuous wave laser source of known wattage (in the range of 0.2 W–0.5 W) which acts as a source for step heat load. Transient temperatures recorded from the probe are further processed for heat flux computation through analytical and numerical methods. As a term of inference during the test window of 0.4 s, it is observed that temperature as well as heat flux values have a nice match in trend as well as magnitude with an uncertainty band of ±5%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Desikan SLN, Suresh K, Srinivasan K, Raveendran PG (2016) Fast response co-axial thermocouple for short duration impulse facilities. Appl Therm Eng 96:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li J, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yu H (2017) On the response of coaxial surface thermocouples for transient aerodynamic heating measurements. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 86:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.04.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Agarwal S, Sahoo N, Irimpan KJ, Menezes V, Desai S (2017) Comparative performance assessments of surface junction probes for stagnation heat flux estimation in a hypersonic shock tunnel. Int J Heat Mass Transf 114:748–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alkidas AC, Cole RM (1985) Transient heat flux measurements in a divided chamber diesel engine. Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer 107:439–444. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3247434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Assanis DN, Badillo E (1989) On heat transfer measurements in diesel engines using fast-response coaxial thermocouples. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 111(3):458–465. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3240276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hotta SK, Sahoo N, Mohanty K (2019) Ignition advancement study for optimized characteristics of a raw biogas operated spark ignition engine. International Journal of Green Energy 16(1):101–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2018.1544901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Marr MA, Wallace JS, Chandra S, Pershin L, Mostaghimi J (2010) A fast response thermocouple for internal combustion engine surface temperature measurements. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 34(2):183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Manjhi SK, Kumar R (2019) Transient surface heat flux measurement for short duration using K-type, E-type and J-type of coaxial thermocouples for internal combustion engine. Measurement 136:256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Irimpan KJ, Mannil N, Arya H, Menezes V (2015) Performance evaluation of coaxial thermocouple against platinum thin film gauge for heat flux measurement in shock tunnel. Measurement 61:291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mohammed H, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ (2008) Design and fabrication of coaxial surface junction thermocouples for transient heat transfer measurements. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 35(7):853–859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2008.03.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mohammed HA, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ (2010) Determination of the effusivity of different scratched coaxial temperature sensors under hypersonic flow. Int J Thermophys 31(11–12):2305–2322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-010-0882-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mohammed HA, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ (2011) The effect of scratch technique on the thermal-product value of temperature sensors. Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 18(1):51–64. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864311010070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Buttsworth DR (2001) Assessment of effective thermal product of surface junction thermocouples on millisecond and microsecond time scales. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 25(6):409–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-1777(01)00093-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Schultz DL, Jones T V (1973). Heat-transfer measurements in short-duration hypersonic facilities, AGARDograph-AG-165

  15. Sahoo N, Kumar R (2016) Performance assessment of thermal sensors during short-duration convective surface heating measurements. Heat Mass Transf 52(9):2005–2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1694-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sanderson SR, Sturtevant B (2002) Transient heat flux measurement using a surface junction thermocouple. Rev Sci Instrum 73(7):2781–2787. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1484255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Taler J (1996) Theory of transient experimental techniques for surface heat transfer. Int J Heat Mass Transf 39(17):3733–3748. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(96)00015-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Alam T, Kumar R (2018) Radiation based calibration of thin film gauge for transient measurement. Measurement 128:352361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar R, Sahoo N, Kulkarni V (2012) Conduction based calibration of handmade platinum thin film heat transfer gauges for transient measurements. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55(9–10):2707–2713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.01.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar R, Sahoo N (2013) Dynamic calibration of a coaxial thermocouples for short duration transient measurements. J Heat Transf 135(12):124502. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar R, Sahoo N, Kulkarni V, Singh A (2011) Laser based calibration technique of thin film gauges for short duration transient measurements. J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl 3(4):044504. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4005075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nanda SR, Agarwal S, Kulkarni V, Sahoo N (2017) Shock tube as an impulsive application device. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010476:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2010476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mohammed HA, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ (2011) Thermal product estimation method for aerodynamics experiments. J Eng Phys Thermophys 84(4):849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-011-0542-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tropea C, Yarin AL (2007) Springer handbook of experimental fluid mechanics, vol 1. Springer Science & Business Media

  25. Caldwell FR (1962) Thermocouple materials. C.W. Herzfeld (Ed.), applied methods and instrument; temperature: its measurement and control in science and industry, volume 3, Part 2, Reinhold, New-York, p. 81-134

  26. Mohammed HA, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ, Campo A (2010) Thermal product of type-E fast response temperature sensors. J Therm Sci 19(4):364–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-010-0395-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Touloukian YS (1970) Thermal conductivity metallic elements and alloys. Y.S. Touloukian (Ed.), Thermophysical properties of matter; TPRC data series, Vol. 1, IFI/Plenum Press, New York

  28. Mohammed HA, Salleh H, Yusoff MZ (2010) Fast response surface temperature sensor for hypersonic vehicles. Instrum Exp Tech 53(1):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020441210010288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lawton B, Klingenberg G (1996) Transient temperature in engineering and science. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  30. Agarwal S, Sahoo N, Singh RK (2016) Experimental techniques for thermal product determination of coaxial surface junction thermocouples during short duration transient measurements. Int J Heat Mass Transf 103:327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.07.062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Moffat RJ (1988) Describing the uncertainties in experimental results. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 1(1):3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge financial support received from “Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi (India)” for this experimental work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India

    Anil Kumar Rout, Niranjan Sahoo & Pankaj Kalita

Authors
  1. Anil Kumar Rout
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Niranjan Sahoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pankaj Kalita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Niranjan Sahoo.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rout, A.K., Sahoo, N. & Kalita, P. Effectiveness of coaxial surface junction thermal probe for transient measurements through laser based heat flux assessment. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 1141–1152 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02775-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02775-y

Search

Navigation