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Discrete Time Crystals
- Dominic V. Else1, Christopher Monroe2,3, Chetan Nayak4,5, and Norman Y. Yao6,7
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; email: [email protected] 2Joint Quantum Institute, Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; email: [email protected] 3Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 4Microsoft Quantum, Station Q, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, USA; email: [email protected] 5Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 6Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; email: [email protected] 7Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Vol. 11:467-499 (Volume publication date March 2020) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050658
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Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Abstract
Experimental advances have allowed for the exploration of nearly isolated quantum many-body systems whose coupling to an external bath is very weak. A particularly interesting class of such systems is those that do not thermalize under their own isolated quantum dynamics. In this review, we highlight the possibility for such systems to exhibit new nonequilibrium phases of matter. In particular, we focus on discrete time crystals, which are many-body phases of matter characterized by a spontaneously broken discrete time-translation symmetry. We give a definition of discrete time crystals from several points of view, emphasizing that they are a nonequilibrium phenomenon that is stabilized by many-body interactions, with no analog in noninteracting systems. We explain the theory behind several proposed models of discrete time crystals, and compare several recent realizations, in different experimental contexts.
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