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Differential effects of N addition on the stoichiometry of microbes and extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of an alpine shrubland

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Abstract

Background and aims

While large differences in microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) between rhizosphere and bulk soils have been demonstrated, the potentially different response of microbes and their EEAs in rhizosphere and bulk soils to nitrogen (N) deposition is still not elucidated.

Methods

We analyzed the microbial biomass and EEAs in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of Sibiraea angustata in an alpine shrubland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after chronic N application. We also analyzed the stoichiometric linkages between plants, microbes, enzymes and soils to clarify the coupled responses of aboveground plants and belowground ecological processes.

Results

Microbial nutrient concentrations and activities of EAAs responded differently to N addition in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. In the rhizosphere, N addition caused a significant increase in microbial biomass carbon (C), N and phosphorus (P) concentrations and greater P-degrading enzyme activity (relative to the activities of C- and N-degrading enzymes), which induced a significant reduction in enzyme C:P and N:P ratios. The rhizosphere enzyme N:P ratio was negatively correlated with the N:P ratios of plant, soil and microbe, implying that increased plant and microbial P uptake under N addition may gradually aggravate rhizosphere P limitation. However, for the bulk soil, N addition did not affect microbial biomass but significantly enhanced C-degrading enzyme activity and decreased the enzyme C:N ratio. Meanwhile, the bulk-soil enzyme C:N ratio was negatively correlated with the soil C:N ratio but independent of the plant C:N ratio, implying that N addition may enhance bulk-soil microbial C limitation.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that elevated N deposition may induce differential microbial nutrient limitation between the rhizosphere and bulk soils due to the plant-microbe-soil interactions in the rhizosphere. This study highlights the importance of incorporating rhizosphere microbial processes into biogeochemical models describing environmental changes.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported jointly by the Priority Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Science (QYZDB-SSW-SMC023), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670449, 31872700), and the Sichuan Key R & D Program (21018SZ0336). We are also grateful for the funding provided by the Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University (ESP1702).

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Author notes

  1. Xiaomin Zhu and Mei Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Xiaomin Zhu, Mei Liu, Yongping Kou, Dongyan Liu, Qing Liu, Zheng Jiang & Huajun Yin

  2. College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Mei Liu

  3. Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China

    Mei Liu

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Mei Liu & Zheng Jiang

  5. Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Ziliang Zhang

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  1. Xiaomin Zhu
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Zhu, X., Liu, M., Kou, Y. et al. Differential effects of N addition on the stoichiometry of microbes and extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of an alpine shrubland. Plant Soil 449, 285–301 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04468-6

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