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Pectoralis muscle area is associated with bone mineral density and lung function in lung transplant candidates

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Abstract

Summary

Loss of bone mineral density and skeletal muscle area are linked in lung transplant patients. This loss is greater in patients with restrictive compared with obstructive lung diseases.

Introduction

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are associated with aging and chronic illnesses and may be linked in patients with advanced lung disease. Pectoralis muscle index (PMI) quantitated on computed tomography (CT) of the chest can be used to measure skeletal muscle mass. This study aimed to determine the relationship of PMI to clinical parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) in candidates for lung transplantation.

Methods

A retrospective review of transplant candidates at a single center was performed. Demographic, anthropomorphic, and clinical data were recorded. Pectoralis muscle area (PMA) was determined on an axial slice from a chest CT. PMI was calculated as the PMA divided by height squared. BMD was obtained from routine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Results

In 226 included patients, mean PMI was 8.2 ± 3.0 cm2/m2 in males and 6.1 ± 2.1 cm2/m2 in females. Osteopenia was present in 44.4%, and 23.2% of patients had osteoporosis. Patients with obstructive lung disease had lower body mass index (22.0 ± 4.9 versus 27.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2, p < 0.001), PMI (6.0 ± 2.3 versus 8.2 ± 2.8 cm2/m2, p < 0.001), and BMD (− 2.3 ± 1.1 versus − 1.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.001) compared with patients with restrictive lung disease. PMI was a significant predictor of BMD (β = 0.16, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The association between muscle area and BMD in lung transplant candidates suggests that similar mechanisms may underlie the development of both. Differences in PMI and BMD in patients with obstructive versus restrictive lung disease may result from differences in respiratory physiology or disease processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    A. D. Parulekar, G. W. Li, V. Hoang & C. C. Kao

  2. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    T. Wang

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Correspondence to C. C. Kao.

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Parulekar, A.D., Wang, T., Li, G.W. et al. Pectoralis muscle area is associated with bone mineral density and lung function in lung transplant candidates. Osteoporos Int 31, 1361–1367 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05373-5

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