Abstract
The frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) technique is widely used for the aging condition assessment of cellulose insulation on the bushing core. Generally, these assessment activities could be completed by the analysis of the FDS data between the laboratory sample and field bushing with the help of the traditional X-model. However, the aging condition of cellulose insulation on the bushing core is non-uniform due to the existence of temperature gradient. In this case, the traditional X-model is considered inappropriate since it ignored the effect of non-uniform thermal aging. In view of this issue, a modified X-model is reported in this work. Relying on the theoretical analysis of the modified X-model, both the mathematical expression and the equivalent circuit is derived naturally. The reliability of the modified X-model is confirmed by the experimental researches. In addition, the effect of aluminum foil in the modified X-model on FDS data was also studied. Findings reveal that the addition of aluminum foil would cause a slight deviation of the FDS curves. Therefore, the modified X-model might utilize to study the information of the non-uniform thermal aging. In that respect, the contribution of this work is in the exploration of the modified X-model as a potential tool for connecting FDS data corresponding to the lab condition and field condition including non-uniform thermal aging of cellulose insulation on the bushing core.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blennow J, Ekanayake C, Walczak K et al (2006) Field experiences with measurements of dielectric response in frequency domain for power transformer diagnostics. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 21(2):681–688
Bouaicha A, Fofana I, Farzaneh M et al (2009) Dielectric spectroscopy techniques as quality control tool: a feasibility study. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 25(1):6–14
Braun JM, Densley RJ, Sedding HG et al. (2000) Accelerated ageing and diagnostic testing of 115 Kv type U bushings. In: Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE international symposium on electrical insulation (Cat. No. 00CH37075) pp 469–472. IEEE
Chen X, Li C (2016) Influence of oil-paper insulation ageing on frequency domain spectroscopy of high voltage bushing. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on high voltage engineering and application ICHVE pp 1–5. IEEE
Chen M, Liu X, Xu P, Wen T (2018) Local inter-foil insulation deterioration diagnosis and simulation of rip bushing based on FDS method. In: 2018 Condition monitoring and diagnosis CMD pp 1–5. IEEE
Craghead DO, Easley JK (1978) Thermal test performance of a modern apparatus bushing. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst 6:2291–2299
Du YY (2017) Assessment of moisture status and thermal aging in oil-impregnated paper condenser bushings based on frequency domain spectroscopy. Mater dissertation research paper, School of Electrical Engineering of Chongqing University, China
Ekanayake C, Gubanski SM, Graczkowski A et al (2006) Frequency response of oil impregnated pressboard and paper samples for estimating moisture in transformer insulation. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 21(3):1309–1317
Emsley AM, Stevens GC (1994) Review of chemical indicators of degradation of cellulosic electrical paper insulation in oil-filled transformers. IEE Proc-Sci Meas Technol 141(5):324–334
Fabre J, Pichon A (1960) Deteriorating processes and products of paper in oil. Appl Transform CIGRÉ Pap 137:18
Feng D, Hao J, Liao R et al (2019) Comparative study on the thermal-ageing characteristics of cellulose insulation polymer immersed in new three-element mixed oil and mineral oil. Polymers 11(8):1292
Gafvert U, Adeen L, Tapper M et al. (2000) Dielectric spectroscopy in time and frequency domain applied to diagnostics of power transformers. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on properties and applications of dielectric materials (Cat. No. 00CH36347) vol 2, pp 825–830. IEEE
Gong CY (2013) Condition evaluation method of transformer oil-paper insulation based on fusion of PDC and RVM. Mater dissertation research paper, School of Electrical Engineering of Chongqing University, China
Hadjadj Y, Meghnefi F, Fofana I et al (2013) On the feasibility of using poles computed from frequency domain spectroscopy to assess oil impregnated paper insulation conditions. Energies 6(4):2204–2220
Liao RJ, Hu ED, Yang LJ et al (2015) The investigation on thermal ageing characteristics of oil-paper insulation in bushing. J Electr Eng Technol 10(3):1114–1123
Liao R, Du Y, Yang L et al (2017) Quantitative diagnosis of moisture content in oil-paper condenser bushing insulation based on frequency domain spectroscopy and polarisation and depolarisation current. IET Gener Transm Distrib 11(6):1420–1426
Linhjell D, Lundgaard L, Gafvert U (2007) Dielectric response of mineral oil impregnated cellulose and the impact of aging. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 14(1):156–169
Liu Y, Zhang L, Deng J, Jiang Y (2018) Research on rapid diagnosis technology after the oil-paper bushing insulation damp. DEStech Trans Environ Energy Earth Sci, (appeec)
Liu J, Fan X, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Wang Z, Zhao X (2019a) A modified aging kinetics model for aging condition prediction of transformer polymer insulation by employing the frequency domain spectroscopy. Polymers 11(12):2082
Liu J, Fan X et al (2019b) Quantitative evaluation for moisture content of cellulose insulation material in paper/oil system based on frequency dielectric modulus technique. Cellulose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02820-3
Liu J, Fan X et al (2019c) Temperature correction on frequency dielectric modulus and activation energy prediction of immersed cellulose insulation. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2019.008530
Liu J, Fan X et al (2020) Condition prediction for oil-immersed cellulose insulation in field transformer using fitting fingerprint database. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 27(1):279–287
McNutt WJ, Easley JK (1978) Mathematical modelling–a basis for bushing loading guides. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst 6:2393–2404
Reddy CC, Ramu TS (2006) On the computation of electric field and temperature distribution in HVDC cable insulation. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 13(6):1236–1244
Reumann A, Böhm K, Küchler A, Langens A, Titze J, Heil, B (2009) Ageing of OIP bushing insulation at very high temperatures. In: Proposed for ISH09 international symposium on high voltage engineering, Cape Town
Saha TK, Purkait P (2004) Investigation of polarization and depolarization current measurements for the assessment of oil-paper insulation of aged transformers. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 11(1):144–154
Saha TK, Purkait P (2007) Investigations of temperature effects on the dielectric response measurements of transformer oil-paper insulation system. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 23(1):252–260
Setayeshmehr A, Fofana I, Eichler C et al (2008) Dielectric spectroscopic measurements on transformer oil-paper insulation under controlled laboratory conditions. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 15(4):1100–1111
Shroff DH, Stannett AW (1985). A review of paper ageing in power transformers. In: IEE proceedings C generation, transmission and distribution vol 132, no 6, pp 312–319. IET Digital Library
Smith DJ, McMeekin SG et al (2013) A dielectric frequency response model to evaluate the moisture content within an oil impregnated paper condenser bushing. IET Sci Meas Technol 7(4):223–231
IEEE Std. (2004). IEEE standard general requirements and test procedure for power apparatus bushings, C57.19.00-1991/2004
Wang S, Wei J, Yang S, Dong M et al (2010) Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy characteristics of oil-paper insulation under accelerated thermal ageing. Proc CSEE 30(34):125–131
Wang D, Zhou L et al (2018) Moisture estimation for oil-immersed bushing based on FDS method: field application. IET Gener Transm Distrib 12(11):2762–2769
Werelius P, Ohlen M, Cheng J et al. (2012) Dielectric frequency response measurements and dissipation factor temperature dependence. In: 2012 IEEE international symposium on electrical insulation pp 296–300. IEEE
Xie X, Luo X, Hu W, Xu Z, Yin, P (2018) Study on insulation characteristics of oil-impregnated paper bushing under the combined effect of electrical-thermal. In: 2018 12th international conference on the properties and applications of dielectric materials ICPADM pp 780–787. IEEE
Youssef HK, Aziz MA, Hackam R (1988) Steady state temperature distribution of high voltage bushings-analysis and measurements. IEEE Trans Power Syst 3(1):278–285
Zaengl WS (2003) Applications of dielectric spectroscopy in time and frequency domain for HV power equipment. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 19(6):9–22
Zhang S (2009) Evaluation of thermal transient and overload capability of high-voltage bushings with ATP. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 24(3):1295–1301
Zhang Y, Liu J, Zheng H et al (2018) Feasibility of a universal approach for temperature correction in frequency domain spectroscopy of transformer insulation. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 25(5):1766–1773
Zhang Y, Li Y et al (2020) A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Generation of Ethanol for Insulating Paper Pyrolysis. Energies 13(1):265
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, J., Yang, S., Zhang, Y. et al. A modified X-model of the oil-impregnated bushing including non-uniform thermal aging of cellulose insulation. Cellulose 27, 4525–4538 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03086-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03086-w