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Structure and evolution of multiphase composites for 3D printing

  • Composites & nanocomposites
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Abstract

Ethylene-vinyl acetate–glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer (EVM–GMA, VA = 60 wt%, GMA = 2.9%) was used as a polymeric plasticizer replacing the traditional dioctyl phthalate (DOP) to prepare a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) masterbatch. Polylactic acid (PLA) was applied to blend with the PVC masterbatch in melt to examine the epoxy ring-opening reactions between epoxy groups in EVM–GMA and end carboxyl groups in PLA in order to construct a special phase structure in PVC/PLA improving the mechanical properties and 3D printing performance. The formation and evolution of phase structures were revealed by aids of the unique rheological responses of multi-component composite system. The results showed that with the increase in EVM–GMA content, the phase morphology of PVC/PLA was refined from co-continuous phase structure to denser one and then evolved to sea-island structure. It was also found that the addition of EVM–GMA inhibited the crystallization of PLA and the cold crystallization as well. When PVC/EVM–GMA/PLA was incorporated in weight ratio of 45/5/50, the denser co-continuous phase structure with smaller domain imparted the composite a highest zero shear viscosity and viscous flow activation energy. This unique structure existed stably when the shear rate was less than 230 s−1 or below 180 °C. Consequently, it endowed composite the highest impact strengths and smoothest appearance of 3D printed specimens. Therefore, moderate EVM–GMA is not only a reliable alternative plasticizer for PVC, but also an ideal modifier for the compatibility of PVC/PLA blends which presented an excellent performance in 3D printing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2018MEM025), without which the work presented in this article, would not have been possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China

    Yang Lyu, Hao Yin, Yanlu Chen & Xinyan Shi

  2. Qingdao Haiwan Chemical Co. Ltd, Qingdao, 266409, China

    Qingliang Zhang

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  1. Yang Lyu
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  2. Hao Yin
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  3. Yanlu Chen
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  4. Qingliang Zhang
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Correspondence to Xinyan Shi.

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Lyu, Y., Yin, H., Chen, Y. et al. Structure and evolution of multiphase composites for 3D printing. J Mater Sci 55, 6861–6874 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04505-w

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