Abstract
MCML (MOS Current Mode Logic) based implementation producing fast response and compliment output at the same time gives an impetus to the researcher to replace Bulk CMOS. Moreover, tremendous challenges faced by bulk CMOS at channel lengths below 45 nm induces a need to strive for a technological replacement of silicon in years to come. This introduces a zest in designer's mind to look for competent and novel substances to overcome the shortcoming of existing silicon. The future technology should be capable to deliver fast response, low power operation, scalable to reduced dimensions, and strong towards process variations. Carbon nanotube based technology (CNFET) is one of the reliable and competent alternative because it has most of these desired features and similar operating principle as that of CMOS. And hence, this research article focuses on a relative evaluation of CMOS and CNFET version of 3 bit parity checker at 16-nm technology nodes. The CNFET based 3 bit parity checker is faster (9.75×), it offers improvement in power dissipation (11.93×), improvement in PDP (116.39×), improvement in EDP (1135.76×) compared to CMOS counterpart. Scaling down the device emerges with a challenge of variability, just as power, delay and area, variability also has an impact on performance of the circuit. Technology scaling has significant consequences such as wider variation. This research article also presents variability analysis, in terms of delay (tp) and power-delay product (PDP) for the proposed CNFET based MCML 3 bit Parity checker circuit. Extensive simulation using 16-nm technology node are carried out by loading two nominal copies of 'CNFET based MCML 3 bit Parity checker' (Circuit under Test) at either ends—input and output. This simulation framework supports the high level integration where stand alone operation has no application in the industry. The intent of this research is to investigate the circuit with minimal variability to propagation delay and PDP. The proposed ‘CNFET based MCML 3 bit parity checker’ exhibits improvement in delay (14.01×) and improvement in PDP (242.1×) variability as compared to CMOS counterpart. Thus, the CNFET based implementation emerges out as a robust circuit showing narrower spread in variability analysis against applied VDD.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Waje, M. G., & Dakhole, P. (2015). Implementation and performance analysis of single layered reversible parity generator and parity checker circuits using quantum dot cellular automata paradigm. In 2015 International conference on control, instrumentation, communication and computational technologies (ICCICCT). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccicct.2015.7475271.
Rankin, D., & Gulliver, T. (2001). Single parity check product codes. IEEE Transactions on Communications,49(8), 1354–1362. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.939851.
Agarwal, M., Das, A., Kumar, S., Chowdhury, S., Kumar, L., Mukherjee, C., & Thakur, U. N. (2017). Layered T parity generators using quantum-dot cellular automata. In 2017 8th IEEE annual information technology, electronics and mobile communication conference (IEMCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2017.8117244.
Mano, M. M. (2004). Digital logic and computer design (p. 2004). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Heegard, C., & King, A. (2000). FIR parity check codes. IEEE Transactions on Communications,48(7), 1108–1113. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.855518.
Gallager, R. G. (1963). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory,8, 21–28.
Elias, P. (1956). Coding for two noisy channels. In C. Cherry, (ed.), Information theory, 3rd London symposium, September, 1955: Butterworths Scientific Publications, London.
Srivastava, P., & Islam, A. (2014). Robust and power-aware design of CNFET-based XOR circuit at 16-nm technology node. International Journal of Advances in Computer Science and Technology (IJACST),3, 23–28.
Islam, A., Imran, A., & Hasan, M. (2011). Variability analysis and FinFET-based design of XOR and XNOR circuit. In 2011 2nd international conference on computer and communication technology (ICCCT-2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccct.2011.6075163.
Nanoscale Integration and Modeling (NIMO) Group, Arizona State University (ASU). [Online]. https://ptm.asu.edu/.
Guduri, M., Mehra, R., Srivastava, P., & Islam, A. (2016). Current-mode circuit-level technique to design variation-aware nanoscale summing circuit for ultra-low power applications. Microsystem Technologies,23(9), 4045–4056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-016-2994-0.
Goel, S., Kumar, A., & Bayoumi, M. A. (2006). Design of robust, energy-efficient full adders for deep-submicrometer design using hybrid-CMOS logic style. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,14(12), 1309–1321. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2006.887807.
Gupta, K., Sridhar, R., Chaudhary, J., Pandey, N., & Gupta, M. (2011). Performance comparison of MCML and PFSCL gates in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. In 2011 2nd international conference on computer and communication technology (ICCCT-2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccct.2011.6075165.
Musicer, J. (2002). An analysis of MOS current mode logic for low power and high performance digital logic, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Haiyan, N., & Jianping, H. (2011). The layout implementations of high-speed low-power MCML cells. In 2011 international conference on electronics, communications and control (ICECC). https://doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067866.
Hassan, H., Anis, M. and Elmasry M. (2005). MOS Current Mode Circuits: Analysis, Design, and Variability Analysis. IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems. 13, 885–898.
Allam, M., & Elmasry, M. (2001). Dynamic current mode logic (DyCML): A new low-power high-performance logic style. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,36(3), 550–558. https://doi.org/10.1109/4.910495.
Kafeel, M. A., Hasan, M., Alam, M. S., Kumar, A., Prasad, S., & Islam, A. (2013). Performance evaluation of CNFET based operational amplifier at technology node beyond 45-nm. In 2013 Annual IEEE India conference (INDICON). https://doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2013.6725973.
Semiconductor Industry Association, International Technology roadmap for semiconductor-2005. http://www.itrs.net/Links/2005,ITRS/Home2005htm.
Srivastava, R., Gupta, M., & Singh, U. (2013). FGMOS transistor based low voltage and low power fully programmable Gaussian function generator. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing,78(1), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-013-0207-7.
Kumar, A., Prasad, S., & Islam, A. (2013). Realization and optimization of CNFET based operational amplifier at 32-nm technology node. In Proceedings ofinternational conclave 2013 “innovations in engineering & management”(ICIEM 2013).
Deng, J., & Wong, H.-S. P. (2007). A compact SPICE model for carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors including nonidealities and its application—Part I: Model of the intrinsic channel region. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,54(12), 3186–3194. https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.909030.
Deng, J., & Wong, H.-S. P. (2007). A compact SPICE model for carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors including nonidealities and its application—Part II: Full device model and circuit performance benchmarking. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,54(12), 3195–3205. https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.909043.
Srivastava, P., & Islam, A. (2015). CNFET-based design of resilient MCML XOR/XNOR circuit at 16-nm technology node. Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences.,22, 261–267.
Alioto, M., Palumbo, G., & Pennisi, M. (2010). Understanding the effect of process variations on the delay of static and domino logic. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems,18(5), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2009.2015455.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Srivastava, P., Yadav, R. & Srivastava, R. Ultra high speed and novel design of power-aware CNFET based MCML 3-bit parity checker. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 104, 321–329 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01609-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01609-w