Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design of Eutectic High Entropy Alloys in Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni System

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present work, a simple approach is proposed for predicting the compositions of eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) in Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni system. It is proposed that eutectic lines exist between certain eutectic alloys in this system and, as a result, new eutectic or near-eutectic compositions can be obtained by mixing the alloys which are located on the same eutectic line. The approach is applied for a series of experimentally verified eutectic alloys and new eutectic or near-eutectic alloys are designed for Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni system. Furthermore, by investigating the compositions of verified eutectic alloys in Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni system, compositional maps are proposed which show the relations between the concentrations of constituent elements in eutectic alloys. The compositional maps suggest that EHEAs are derived from binary and ternary eutectic alloys. Moreover, the proposed diagrams can be considered as convenient methods for evaluating the composition of EHEAs in Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni system.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E.P. George, D. Raabe, R.O. Ritchie, High-entropy alloys. Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 515 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D.B. Miracle, High entropy alloys as a bold step forward in alloy development. Nat. Commun. 10, 1805 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D.B. Miracle, O.N. Senkov, A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Mater. 122, 448 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Zhang, T.T. Zuo, Z. Tang, M.C. Gao, K.A. Dahmen, P.K. Liaw, Z.P. Lu, Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys. Prog. Mater. Sci. 61, 1 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Y.F. Ye, Q. Wang, J. Lu, C.T. Liu, Y. Yang, High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects. Mater. Today 19, 349 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H. Kang, T. Wang, B. Wen, Z. Wang, J. Jie, Z. Cao, H. Ruan, T. Li, A promising new class of high-temperature alloys: eutectic high-entropy alloys. Sci. Rep. 4, 6200 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. X. Gao, Y. Lu, B. Zhang, N. Liang, G. Wu, G. Sha, J. Liu, Y. Zhao, Microstructural origins of high strength and high ductility in an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy. Acta Mater. 141, 59 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. I.S. Wani, T. Bhattacharjee, S. Sheikh, P.P. Bhattacharjee, S. Guo, N. Tsuji, Tailoring nanostructures and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy using thermo-mechanical processing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 675, 99 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. F. He, Z. Wang, P. Cheng, Q. Wang, J. Li, Y. Dang, J. Wang, C.T. Liu, Designing eutectic high entropy alloys of CoCrFeNiNbx. J. Alloys Compd. 656, 284 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Lu, X. Gao, L. Jiang, Z. Chen, T. Wang, J. Jie, H. Kang, Y. Zhang, S. Guo, H. Ruan, Y. Zhao, Z. Cao, T. Li, Directly cast bulk eutectic and near-eutectic high entropy alloys with balanced strength and ductility in a wide temperature range. Acta Mater. 124, 143 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I. Baker, M. Wu, Z. Wang, Eutectic/eutectoid multi-principle component alloys: a review. Mater. Charact. 147, 545 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Liu, P. Yu, G. Li, P.K. Liaw, R. Liu, High-temperature high-entropy alloys AlxCo15Cr15Ni70−x based on the Al–Ni binary system. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 724, 283 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. X. Jin, Y. Zhou, L. Zhang, X. Du, B. Li, A novel Fe20Co20Ni41Al19 eutectic high entropy alloy with excellent tensile properties. Mater. Lett. 216, 144 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Wu, S. Wang, H. Huang, D. Shu, B. Sun, CALPHAD aided eutectic high-entropy alloy design. Mater. Lett. 262, 127175 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Patel, I. Wani, S.R. Reddy, S. Narayanaswamy, A. Lozinko, R. Saha, S. Guo, P.P. Bhattacharjee, Strain-path controlled microstructure, texture and hardness evolution in cryo-deformed AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy. Intermetallics 97, 12 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Lu, H. Jiang, S. Guo, T. Wang, Z. Cao, T. Li, A new strategy to design eutectic high-entropy alloys using mixing enthalpy. Intermetallics 91, 124 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Jiang, K. Han, X. Gao, Y. Lu, Z. Cao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, T. Li, A new strategy to design eutectic high-entropy alloys using simple mixture method. Mater. Des. 142, 101 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. X. Jin, Y. Zhou, L. Zhang, X. Dua, B. Li, A new pseudo binary strategy to design eutectic high entropy alloys using mixing enthalpy and valence electron concentration. Mater. Des. 143, 49 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. JMatPro (Java-based Materials Property simulation software, version 7.0.0) , Sente Software Ltd., Surrey Technology Center, 40 Occam Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, UK

  20. N. D’Souza, H.B. Dong, Solidification path in third-generation Ni-based superalloys with an emphasis on last stage solidification. Scr. Mater. 56, 41 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  21. N. Saunders, U.K.Z. Guo, X. Li, A.P. Miodownik, JPh Schillé, Using JMatPro to model materials properties and behavior. JOM 55, 60 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Z. Guo, N. Saunders, A.P. Miodownik, J. Ph, Schille: Modelling of materials properties and behaviour critical to casting simulation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 413, 465 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  23. N. D’Souza, M. Lekstrom, H.B. Dong, An analysis of measurement of solute segregation in Ni-base superalloys using X-ray spectroscopy. Mat. Sci. Eng. A 460, 258 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Z. Guo, N. Saunders, J.P. Schillé, A.P. Miodownik, Material properties for process simulation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 499, 7 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Shafiei, S. Rajabi, A cobalt-rich eutectic high-entropy alloy in the system Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni. Appl. Phys. A 125, 783 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. L. Zhang, Y. Du, Thermodynamic description of the Al–Fe–Ni system over the whole composition and temperature ranges: Modeling coupled with key experiment. Calphad 31, 529 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  27. N. Dupin, I. Ansara, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic re-assessment of the ternary system AI–Cr–Ni. Calphad 25, 279 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Wang, G. Cacciamani, Thermodynamic modeling of the Al–Cr–Ni system over the entire composition and temperature range. J. Alloys Compd. 688, 422 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. G. Effenberg and S. Ilyenko (Eds.): Light Metal Systems. Part 1: Selected Systems from Ag–Al–Cu to Al–Cu–Er (Springer, Berlin, 2004), pp. 246, 288

  30. Y. Wang, G. Cacciamani, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Co–Ni system. Calphad 61, 198 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L. Zhu, S. Soto-Medina, R.G. Hennig, M.V. Manuel, Experimental investigation of the Al–Co–Fe phase diagram over the whole composition range. J. Alloys Compd. 815, 152110 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Effenberg and S. Ilyenko (Eds.): Light Metal Systems. Part 1: Selected Systems from Ag–Al–Cu to Al–Cu–Er (Springer, Berlin, 2004), pp. 206, 216

  33. H. Baker (ed.), ASM Handbook, Alloy Phase Diagrams (ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  34. X.L. Liu, G. Lindwall, T. Gheno, Z.K. Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of Al–Co–Cr, Al–Co–Ni, Co–Cr–Ni ternary systems towards a description for Al–Co–Cr–Ni. Calphad 52, 125 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. X. Jin, J. Bi, L. Zhang, Y. Zhou, X. Du, Y. Liang, B. Li, A new CrFeNi2Al eutectic high entropy alloy system with excellent mechanical properties. J. Alloys Compd. 770, 655 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Z. Yang, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, T. Zheng, P. Zhao, J. Zhao, J. Chen, Enhancing the mechanical properties of casting eutectic high entropy alloys with Mo addition. Appl. Phys. A 125, 208 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Q. Wu, Z. Wang, X. Hu, T. Zheng, Z. Yang, F. He, J. Li, J. Wang, Uncovering the eutectics design by machine learning in the Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni high entropy system. Acta Mater. 182, 278 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M.C. Gao, J. W. Yeh, P.K. Liaw, Y. Zhang (editors): High-entropy alloys: fundamentals and applications, 1st ed. (Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2016), pp. 399, 444.

  39. C. Zhang, F. Zhang, S. Chen, W. Cao, Computational thermodynamics aided high-entropy alloy design. JOM 64, 839 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. F. Zhang, C. Zhang, S.L. Chen, J. Zhu, W.S. Cao, U.R. Kattner, An understanding of high entropy alloys from phase diagram calculations. Calphad 45, 1 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  41. O.N. Senkov, J.D. Miller, D.B. Miracles, C. Woodward, Accelerated exploration of multi-principal element alloys for structural applications. Calphad 50, 32 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. C. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Diao, M.C. Gao, Z. Tang, P.K. Liaw, Understanding phase stability of Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni high entropy alloys. Mater. Des. 109, 425 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M.C. Gao, C. Zhang, P. Gao, F. Zhang, L.Z. Ouyang, M. Widom, J.A. Hawk, Thermodynamics of concentrated solid solution alloys. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 21, 238 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. T. Yang, S. Xia, S. Liu, C. Wang, S. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Xue, S. Yan, Y. Wang, Effects of AL addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 648, 15 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. W.R. Wang, W.L. Wang, S.C. Wang, Y.C. Tsai, C.H. Lai, J.W. Yeh, Effects of Al addition on the microstructure and mechanical property of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys. Intermetallics 26, 44 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Y. Zhou, X. Jin, L. Zhang, X. Du, B. Li, A hierarchical nanostructured Fe34Cr34Ni14Al14Co4 high-entropy alloy with good compressive mechanical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 716, 235 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Li, Y. Ma, J. Hao, Q. Wang, S. Pang, C. Dong, P.K. Liaw, Effect of Ti substitution for Al on the cuboidal nanoprecipitates in Al0.7NiCoFeCr2 high-entropy alloys. J. Mater. Res. 33, 3266 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. X. Chen, Y. Sui, J. Qi, Y. He, F. Wei, Q. Meng, Z. Sun, Microstructure of Al1.3CrFeNi eutectic high entropy alloy and oxidation behavior at 1000 °C. J. Mater. Res. 32, 2109 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Y. Ma, Q. Wang, C. Li, L.J. Santodonato, M. Feygenson, C. Dong, P.K. Liaw, Chemical short-range orders and the induced structural transition in high-entropy alloys. Scr. Mater. 144, 64 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Y. Ma, Q. Wang, B.B. Jiang, C.L. Li, J.M. Hao, X.N. Li, C. Dong, T.G. Nieh, Controlled formation of coherent cuboidal nanoprecipitates in body-centered cubic high-entropy alloys based on Al2(Ni Co, Fe, Cr)14 compositions. Acta Mater. 147, 213 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. Hao, Y. Ma, Q. Wang, C. Zhang, C. Li, C. Dong, Q. Song, P.K. Liaw, Formation of cuboidal B2 nanoprecipitates and microstructural evolution in the body-centered-cubic Al0.7NiCoFe1.5Cr1.5 high-entropy. J. Alloys Compd. 780, 408 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Chen, L. Lan, X. Shi, H. Yang, M. Zhang, J. Qiao, The tribological properties of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy with the σ phase precipitation at elevated temperature. J. Alloys Compd. 777, 180 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Y. Sun, C. Wu, H. Peng, Y. Liu, J. Wang, X. Su, Phase constituent and nicrohardness of as-cast and long-time annealed AlxCo2−xCrFeNi multicomponent alloys. J. Phase Equilibria Diffus. 40, 706 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  54. T.T. Zuo, R.B. Li, X.J. Ren, Y. Zhang, Effects of Al and Si addition on the structure and properties of CoFeNi equal atomic ratio alloy. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 371, 60 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. T. Lu, W. Chai, T. Dai, Y. Pan, FeCoNiCr0.5Alx high-entropy alloys with dual-phase solidification microstructure and high compressive properties. JOM 71, 3460 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Niroo Research Institute (NRI) [Grant Numbers 22122 & 380115]. I thank Dr. Reza Gholamipour with the Department of Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) for sample preparation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgy Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14665-517, Iran

    Ali Shafiei

Authors
  1. Ali Shafiei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Shafiei.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shafiei, A. Design of Eutectic High Entropy Alloys in Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni System. Met. Mater. Int. 27, 127–138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00655-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00655-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation